survival action. A lawsuit brought on behalf of a decedent’s estate for injuries or damages incurred by the decedent immediately before dying. • A survival action derives from the claim that a decedent would have had — such as for pain and suffering — if he or she had survived. In contrast is a claim […]
derivative action 〈美〉 (1)股东代位诉讼；派生诉讼 在公司的基本权利受到侵犯而公司不行使其诉权时，股东为公司利益而向第三人提起的诉讼。股东的诉权来源于公司的诉权，股东实际上是作为公司和其他股东的代表进行起诉，因而得名。按照多数人承认的规则，提起诉讼的股东在起诉时须持有公司的股票，且在其起诉前须用尽公司内部救济方法，即该股东应先请求董事起诉。若请求无效果，应向其他股东提出类似请求，该请求也无效果时，股东才可自己起诉，并要在起诉状中说明自己曾作出过此种努力，但都归于失败。在诉讼进行中，原告必须公正且充分地代表其他股东的利益。该词也可以指社团组织的成员为了社团的利益而提起的诉讼，其规则与股东的代位诉讼相似。 (2)派生诉讼 基于他人受伤害而提起的诉讼，如妻子受到伤害后，丈夫以其丧失了配偶权〔consortium〕为由向侵害人提起的诉讼。
alienation of affections. A tort claim for willful or malicious interference with a marriage by a third party without justification or excuse. • Where the cause of action still exists, the elements are (1) some wrongful conduct by the defendant with the plaintiff’s spouse, (2) the loss of affection or loss of consortium of the
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conjugal rights. The rights and privileges arising from the marriage relationship, including the mutual rights of companionship, support, and sexual relations. • Loss of conjugal rights amounts to loss of consortium. See CONSORTIUM. [Cases: Husband and Wife 1–354. C.J.S. Estates § 19.]
loss of wife’s society 妻子同居的丧失(→loss of consortium)
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enticement of a parent. Torts. Rare. The tortious interference with a child’s rights and interests in maintaining the parent–child relationship, usu. caused by a third person who induces a parent to abandon the child. • Actions based on enticement, where they are recognized, are rarely successful because many states do not recognize a child’s legal
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society n. (1)协会；团体；社团；互助组织 指为了共同目的而集体进行共同展示、决策和行为，经由多人自愿结成的联合。 (2)社会；公共社交界 (3)配偶者权 如因不法人身伤害而致丈夫丧失对妻子的「配偶者权」时，丈夫有权请求损害赔偿。该规则中的「配偶者权」，即指妻子拥有的带来益处、帮助和舒适愉悦的能力。 (→consortium) (4)亲属权 指家庭成员相互因对方的生存而得益，诸如亲情、照顾、陪伴、安抚、保护等。故此，配偶、父母、兄弟姊妹或子女可因亲属权的丧失而请求补偿。