federation
federation. A league or union of states, groups, or peoples united under a strong central authority but retaining limited regional sovereignty, esp. over local affairs. Cf. CONFEDERATION.
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suzerainty
suzerainty (soo-z[schwa]-rin-tee or -rayn-tee). 1. Hist. The power of a feudal overlord to whom fealty is due. See FEALTY. 2. Int’l law. The dominion of a nation that controls the foreign relations of another nation but allows it autonomy in its domestic affairs. “At the present time there appears to be no instance of a
attendant term
A long period (such as 1,000 years) specified as the duration of a mortgage, created to protect the mortgagor’s heirs’ interest in the land by not taking back title to the land once it is paid for, but rather by assigning title to a trustee who holds the title in trust for the mortgagor and
legal practitioner
legal practitioner. 1. A lawyer. 2. In the traditional English system, a member of one of the recognized branches of practice. “Legal practitioners may be either barristers, special pleaders not at the bar, certified conveyancers, or solicitors. The three latter may recover their fees, but the first may not, their acting being deemed of a
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hand formula
Hand formula. A balancing test for determining whether conduct has created an unreasonable risk of harm, first formulated by Judge Learned Hand in United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169 (2d Cir. 1947). • Under this test, an actor is negligent if the burden of taking adequate precautions against the harm is outweighed
motion to dissolve interference
motion to dissolve interference. Patents. A request by the senior party to dismiss challenges to its priority as the first inventor. [Cases: Patents 106(5). C.J.S. Patents § 166.]
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race to the courthouse
race to the courthouse. 1. Bankruptcy. The competition among creditors to make claims on assets, usu. motivated by the advantages to be gained by those who act first in preference to other creditors. • Chapter 11 of the Bank-ruptcy Code, as well as various other provisions, is intended to prevent a race to the courthouse
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charta de foresta
Charta de Foresta. Hist. A charter that defined the extent of the Crown’s rights and privileges in the royal forests, granted the common people some rights to use the forests, and reduced the penalties for crimes such as poaching. • The charter was first promulgated in 1217 and revised in 1225. — Also termed Carta
establishment clause
Establishment Clause. The First Amendment provision that prohibits the federal and state governments from establishing an official religion, or from favoring or disfavoring one view of religion over another. U.S. Const. amend. I. Cf. FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE. [Cases: Constitutional Law 84. C.J.S. Constitutional Law §§ 513–517.]
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