Search Results for: arrest warrant

totality of the circumstances test

totality-of-the-circumstances test. Criminal procedure. A standard for determining whether hearsay (such as an informant’s tip) is sufficiently reliable to establish probable cause for an arrest or search warrant. • Under this test — which replaced Aguilar–Spinelli’s two-pronged approach — the reliability of the hearsay is weighed by focusing on the entire situation as described in […]

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fresh pursuit

fresh pursuit. 1. The right of a police officer to make a warrantless search of a fleeing suspect or to cross jurisdictional lines to arrest a fleeing suspect. [Cases: Arrest 63.3; Automobiles 349(12). C.J.S. Arrest §§ 18–20.] 2. The right of a person to use reasonable force to retake property that has just been taken.

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search

search n. (1)搜查 指执法官员或其他被授权人员对有关场所、物品、车辆、人身等进行检查,以寻找有关人员或者与犯罪活动有关的物品。由于搜查会涉及到个人自由和隐私权的问题,所以现代各国一般都规定只有取得合法的许可或授权后才能合法地进行搜查及对查获的物品进行扣押。如美国宪法第四条修正案即禁止非法的搜查和扣押。对此,一般规则是,在未取得搜查证〔search warrant〕的情况下进行的任何搜查即为非法搜查,但是有例外情形,即虽未事先取得搜查证亦可进行搜查,如逮捕时的附带搜查〔search incident to arrest〕、取得同意后的搜查〔consent search〕、对适用一眼看清原则〔plain view doctrine〕的证据的检查、根据卡罗尔原则〔Carroll doctrine〕对机动车辆实施的紧急搜查、对敞地〔open fields〕的搜查、对抛弃的物品的检查等。在英国,制定法规定,警察为执行逮捕,有权进入和搜查被逮捕者所在的或者可以合理怀疑其所在的地方。许多制定法都规定,法官或治安法官可以签发搜查证进行搜查,而且不限于在执行逮捕时附带进行的搜查。 (2)登临;临检(→right of search) (3)产权调查 指对财产的权利状态进行调查,以判定财产上是否存在权利瑕疵或设有其他负担。在英国,尤多指土地负担调查,这种调查需要对地方土地负担登记簿、农业负担登记簿、公司法人登记员保管的登记簿、地方当局保管的申请批准土地规划的登记簿及其他有关的登记内容进行查询,以助于决定是否或如何签订土地买卖合同。当事人日后不得因自己未调查和发现登录的产权事项,以不知情为由而拒绝履行合同。 (→title search) (4)〈苏格兰〉调查证明 官方或专职调查人员就自己在登记簿中所发现的、影响有关财产的记载事项所做成的记录。

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protective search

A search of a detained suspect and the area within the suspect’s immediate control, conducted to protect the arresting officer’s safety (as from a concealed weapon) and often to preserve evidence. • A protective search can be conducted without a warrant. Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 89 S.Ct. 2034 (1969). — Also termed search

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