special traverse
A denial of one material fact in an opponent’s pleading; a traverse that explains or qualifies the denial. • The essential parts of a special traverse are an inducement, a denial, and a verification. [Cases: Pleading 118.]
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motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict
motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. A party’s request that the court enter a judgment in its favor despite the jury’s contrary verdict because there is no legally sufficient evidentiary basis for a jury to find for the other party. • Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, this procedure has been replaced by the
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heresy
heresy (her-[schwa]-see), n. 1. Opinion or doctrine contrary to (usu. Catholic) church dogma. [Cases: Religious Societies 28.] 2. Hist. In England, an offense against religion, consisting not in totally denying Christianity, but in publicly denying some of its essential doctrines; an opinion on divine subjects devised solely by human reason, openly taught, and obstinately maintained.
conspiracy to monopolize
Antitrust. A conspiracy to take exclusive control of a commercial market. • Under § 2 of the Sherman Act, a conspiracy to monopolize exists if there is a conspiracy or concerted action directed at a substantial part of interstate commerce with the intent to acquire monopoly power.
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federal juvenile delinquency jurisdiction
A federal court’s power to hear a case in which a person under the age of 18 violates federal law. • In such a case, the federal court derives its jurisdictional power from 18 USCA §§ 5031 et seq. The Act severely limits the scope of federal-juvenile-delinquency jurisdiction because Congress recognizes that juvenile delinquency is
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divorce decree
A final judgment in a suit for divorce. • A divorce decree dissolves the marriage and usu. resolves all matters concerning property and children. Generally, matters concerning children can be modified in a post-divorce action if there has been a substantial change in circumstances.
color of apparent organization
color of apparent organization. The appearance of corporate authority, including the assumption and exercise of corporate functions in good faith, even though the corporation’s organizers did not fully or substantially comply with the terms of the corporate charter or the statutory requirements for incorporation. See de facto corporation under CORPORATION.
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verify
verify, vb. 1. To prove to be true; to confirm or establish the truth or truthfulness of; to authenticate. 2. To confirm or substantiate by oath or affidavit; to swear to the truth of.
Statutes at Large
Statutes at Large 《制定法大全》 １美国国会每次会期所通过的法律和决议的正式汇编，由联邦登记处〔Office of the Federal Register〕出版，始于1789年。其内容包括两个部分，第一部分为公法〔public acts〕和国会联合决议〔joint resolution〕;第二部分为私法〔private acts〕和国会联合决议、国会共同决议〔concurrent resolution〕、条约、对宪法的建议修正案和已批准的修正案〔proposed and ratified amendments〕以及总统文告〔Presidential proclamations〕。1951年以前各卷的内容按章序〔chapter number〕排列，现在则按公法制定的时间顺序排列，其作用主要是方便检索和引用。２该词在英国最早指1587年由克里斯托弗·巴克〔Christopher Barker〕出版的一本法律汇编，收录从1215年的《大宪章》〔Magna Carta〕到1587年间英格兰的制定法。后来基布尔〔Keble〕、霍金斯〔Hawkins〕、凯〔Cay〕、皮克林〔Pickering〕、拉福黑德〔Ruffhead〕、朗宁顿〔Runnington〕、汤姆林〔Tomlins〕、莱斯拜〔Raithby〕等人出版的法律汇编，也都名为《制定法大全》，这一名称意指其中包括了所有公布过的一般法〔public general statutes〕,以区别于制定法的选编本〔collection of selected statutes〕,如《制定法节略》〔Abridgments〕和《实用制定法》〔Statutes of Practical Utility〕。