black codes. (usu. cap.) Hist. 1. Antebellum state laws enacted to regulate slavery. 2. Laws enacted shortly after the Civil War in the ex-Confederate states to restrict the liberties of the newly freed slaves to ensure a supply of inexpensive agricultural labor and to maintain white supremacy. “Clearly, leaders of the old South who survived […]
Land that contains deposits of valuable minerals in quantities justifying the costs of extraction and using the land for mining, rather than agricultural or other purposes.
diseases of animals 〈英〉动物疾病(法) 与该主题有关的第一项立法是1894年《动物疾病法》〔Disease of Animals Act〕。随后大量的法律——统称为1894-1937年《动物疾病法》——修改并扩延了1894年的法律。后来所有这些法律均由1950年《动物疾病法》予以合并，该法给予英国农业、渔业及食品部〔Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food〕与某些地方当局广泛的有关处理动物疾病的权力，使得该部不仅能处理动物疾病问题，还能处理诸如马和禽类适当运输的问题。该法最新修订本是1975年《动物疾病法》，另外，英国还有大量的与动物疾病有关的其它法律。
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farm, n. 1. Land and connected buildings used for agricultural purposes. 2. Hist. Rent. • By extension, the term came to mean the land for which the rent was paid. — Also termed and spelled ferm; fearm; firme. farm, vb. 1. To cultivate land; to conduct the business of farming. 2. To lease. See FARM
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. An agency in the U.S. Department of Agri-culture responsible for coordinating departmental research activities with those of academic and land-grant institutions. — Abbr. CSREES.
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land-use regulation. An ordinance or other legislative enactment governing the development or use of real estate. — Also spelled landuse regulation. [Cases: Zoning and Planning 1. C.J.S. Zoning and Land Planning §§ 2, 5–7, 17–18.] “Public regulation of the use and development of land comes in a variety of forms which generally focus on four
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Farmers’ Home Administration. An agency, formerly in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, responsible for making mortgages and insuring loans to farmers and for funding rural public-works projects. • The agency was abolished in 1994, and its functions were assumed by other agencies in the Department. — Abbr. FmHA; FHA. [Cases: United States 53(7). C.J.S. United
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compensation for improvements 〈英〉改良补偿；改造补偿 １根据1948年《农用租地法》〔Agricultural Holdings Act〕的规定，应为土地承租人对农用土地的改良提供补偿金。该法以1948年3月1日为界，将土地改良分为新、旧两种，并分别列举了可提供补偿的各种改良方式，以及需要取得土地出租人同意的各种情形。对于1948年3月1日以后的新改良，则以农地裁判庭〔Agricultural Land Tribunal〕的同意取代土地出租人的同意，补偿数额与改良价值相当；２根据1927年《出租人与承租人法》〔Landlord and Tenant Act〕及1954年的法律，规定对于商业用房的改造也可获补偿。
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villeinage (vil-[schwa]-nij). Hist. 1. The holding of property through servitude to a feudal lord; a servile type of tenure in which a tenant was obliged to render base services to a lord. Cf. KNIGHT SERVICE; SOCAGE. 2. A villein’s status, condition, or service. — Also spelled villenage; villainage; villanage. — Also termed villein tenure. “The
feu (fyoo), n. [fr. Law Latin feudum “a fee”] 1. A right to land given to a person in exchange for service to be performed. 2. Scots law. Land held by a vassal in return for an annual payment in money, crops, or services (called feu duty). • This type of tenure was abolished in