common recovery. Hist. An elaborate proceeding, full of legal fictions, by which a tenant in tail disentailed a fee-tail estate. • The action facilitated land transfer by allowing a potential transferee who was barred by law from receiving land to “recover” the land by suing the actual owner. Common recoveries, which were abolished early in […]
equipment trust. A financing device commonly used by railroads in which a trustee and the railroad together buy equipment from a manufacturer, with the trustee providing most of the purchase price, and the trustee then leases the equipment to the railroad, which pays a rental fee comprising interest, amortization for serial retirement, and the trustee’s
in arrears (in [schwa]-reerz), adj. & adv. 1. Behind in the discharging of a debt or other obligation (the tenants were in arrears with the rent). 2. At the end of a term or period instead of the beginning (the interests, fees, and costs are payable in arrears).
enfeoff (en-fefor en-feef), vb. To put (a person) in legal possession of a freehold interest; to transfer a fief to. — Formerly spelled infeoff. — Also termed feoff; infeudate; (in Law Latin) feoffare.
benefice (ben-[schwa]-fis). 1. Hist. A feudal estate in land, held during the life of the tenant. See BENEFICIUM(3). “[T]he vassal no longer owns the land, but ‘holds’ it ‘of’ the lord — the vassal has become a ‘tenant’ (from the Latin, ‘tenere’, to hold). The vassal’s interest in the land so held, first called a
per diem, adj. Based on or calculated by the day (per diem interest). per diem (p[schwa]r dI-[schwa]m ordee-[schwa]m), adv. [Latin] By the day; for each day (reimbursed per diem). Cf. IN DIEM. per diem, n. 1. A monetary daily allowance, usu. to cover expenses. 2. A daily fee.
tolt (tohlt). Hist. A writ for removing a case pending in a court baron to a county court. — Also termed writ of tolt. See COURT BARON; county court under COURT. “Where the disputed interest in the land was not a fee held of the king in chief but a fee held of a ‘mesne
freehold n. (1)完全保有地产(权)；自由保有地产(权) 这种地产的持有者除了向其领主履行一定不带奴役性的役务〔service〕外，他有权自由、完全不受限制地占有处分其地产，如出租、抵押、转让等。与这种持有地相对的是非自由的农奴持有地——后为公簿持有地〔copyhold〕，和其它习惯保有方式，如肯特郡习惯土地保有〔gavelkind〕、幼子继承保有〔borough English〕和古有地保有〔ancient demesne〕。另外，今天与自由保有相对的是租地持有〔leasehold〕，后者指依契约在一定时期内持有地产，但却是一种动产性权益〔chattle interest〕。自由保有地有两个特征，即不动产性——如地产或地产性权益，和保有期间的不确定性。事实上的自由保有地产〔freehold in deed〕蕴含着对土地的实际占有，可分为非限嗣继承地产〔fee simple〕、限嗣继承地产〔fee tail〕和终身地产〔tenement for life〕；法律上的自由保有地产〔freehold in law〕是指继承人在被继承人死亡之后和自己进入土地之前所享有的地产权。另外，自由保有地依性质分为军役保有地〔knight service〕、侍君保有地〔serjeanty〕、农役保有地〔free socage〕和自由教役保有地〔frankalmoign〕。 (2)自由保有之职位 终身享有或可以继承。