abutter ([schwa]-b[schwa]t-[schwa]r). 1. The owner of adjoining land; one whose property abuts another’s. [Cases: Adjoining Landowners 1. C.J.S. Adjoining Landowners §§ 2, 6–8, 39.] “The major right of [an abutter] is that of access to his property — a right of reasonable ingress and egress. He is entitled to compensation for any substantial impairment of […]
work-product rule. The rule providing for qualified immunity of an attorney’s work product from discovery or other compelled disclosure. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(3). • The exemption was primarily established to protect an attorney’s litigation strategy. Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 67 S.Ct. 385 (1947). — Also termed work-product immunity; work-product privilege; work-product exemption;
malicious, adj. 1. Substantially certain to cause injury. 2. Without just cause or excuse.
rule, the. An evidentiary and procedural rule by which all witnesses are excluded from the courtroom while another witness is testifying (invoking “the rule”). • The phrase “the rule” is used chiefly in the American South and Southwest, but it is a universal practice to exclude witnesses before they testify. [Cases: Criminal Law 665; Federal
An objection that contains more information (often in the form of argument) than needed by the judge to sustain or overrule it. • Many judges prohibit lawyers from using speaking objections, and sometimes even from stating the grounds for objections, because of the potential for influencing the jury.
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instrument. 1. A written legal document that defines rights, duties, entitlements, or liabilities, such as a contract, will, promissory note, or share certificate. “An ‘instrument’ seems to embrace contracts, deeds, statutes, wills, Orders in Council, orders, warrants, schemes, letters patent, rules, regulations, bye-laws, whether in writing or in print, or partly in both; in fact,
A fee in which a defense lawyer’s compensation depends in whole or in part on how much money the lawyer saves the client, given the client’s potential liability — so that the lower the settlement or judgment, the higher the lawyer’s fee. • For example, if a client might be liable for up to $2
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rule of justice. A jurisprudential principle that determines the sphere of individual liberty in the pursuit of individual welfare, so as to confine that liberty within limits that are consistent with the general welfare of humankind.
solar (soh-lahr). [Spanish “land lot”] Hist. Spanish & Mexican law. A residential lot; a small, privately owned tract of land. • This term is sometimes found (esp. in the plural form solares) in old land grants in states that were formerly Spanish provinces or governed by Mexico.
个人担保 英语：personal guarantee 法语：garantie personnelle, individuelle 德语：persönliche Garantie, persönliche Bürgschaft 意大利语：garanzia personale 西班牙语：garantía personal