drug abuse. The detrimental state produced by the repeated consumption of a narcotic or other potentially dangerous drug, other than as prescribed by a doctor to treat an illness or other medical condition. [Cases: Chemical Dependents 1; Controlled Substances 38. C.J.S. Chemical Dependents §§ 2–3.]
A doctor’s failure to exercise the degree of care and skill that a physician or surgeon of the same medical specialty would use under similar circumstances. — Often shortened to med. mal. [Cases: Health 600–835. C.J.S. Parent and Child § 328.]
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prove up, vb. To present or complete the proof of (something) (deciding not to put a doctor on the stand, the plaintiff attempted to prove up his damages with medical records only).
good-samaritan law. A statute that exempts from liability a person (such as an off-duty physician) who voluntarily renders aid to another in imminent danger but negligently causes injury while rendering the aid. • Some form of good-samaritan legislation has been enacted in all 50 states and in the District of Columbia. — Also written Good
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preferred-provider organization. A group of healthcare providers (such as doctors, hospitals, and pharmacies) that agree to provide medical services at a discounted cost to covered persons in a given geographic area. — Abbr. PPO. Cf. HEALTH-MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION. [Cases: Health 294; Insurance 1259, 2501.]
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J.U.D. 双法博士 为拉丁法律用语「juris utriusque doctor」的缩写，意即「doctor of both laws」。对那些在世俗法〔civil law〕和教会法均获得博士学位者的称谓。 (=juris utrius doctor)
law school. An institution for formal legal education and training. • Graduates who complete the standard program, usu. three years in length, receive a Juris Doctor (or, formerly, a Bachelor of Laws). accredited law school. A law school approved by the state and the Association of American Law Schools, or by the state and the
examining surgeon 〈英〉外科体检医师 这是英国根据1937年有关僱员安全和工作条件等的《工厂法》〔Factories Act〕所正式任命的开业外科医生的职称，其后根据1961年《工厂法》，改称为「委派的厂医」〔appointed factory doctor〕。