Bureau of Political–Military Affairs. A unit in the U.S. Department of State responsible for analyzing defense-related policy issues, managing security-assistance funds, and coordinating peacekeeping and humanitarian operations. — Abbr. PM. — Also termed Political–Military Affairs Bureau.
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First Lord of the Admiralty 〈英〉海军大臣 以前在英国行政部门主管海军事务的正规首长系海军事务大臣〔Lord High Admiral〕，但实际上此项职能由几名海军部委员会成员〔Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty〕行使。这几名委员中一位系「首长」〔First Lord〕，为内阁成员，由几位海军事务大臣〔Sea Lords〕和秘书、次官等协助其执行职务。这位首长即英国的海军大臣。(→admiralty)
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first publication 首版 作者的一项普通法权利，有时也称「出版前的版权」。首版日是指版权人或经版权人授权而将作品版本进行出卖展示、销售或公开发行的最早日期。
first chair, n. Slang. The lead attorney in court for a given case (despite having worked at the firm for six years, the associate had yet to be first chair in a jury trial). — first-chair, vb.
first in， first out/FIFO 先进先出法 为税收目的计算存货的一种方法。当货物混合在一起无法依发票详细区别时，为计缴联邦税，存货被视为最近购进或生产的。当有价证券卖出情况不能确定时，为计算盈亏额以缴纳所得税〔income tax〕，卖出的有价证券将与最先购进的有价证券相抵销。相对于后进先出〔LIFO,即last-in, first-out〕。
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The perpetrator of a crime. — Also termed first-degree principal. [Cases: Criminal Law 61, 78. C.J.S. Criminal Law §§ 130, 143–144, 148.]
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airspace n. 空气空间 指地球外部和围绕地球的大气层，特别是直接在某一特定国家领土和领海之上的大气层部分。国际法已采纳了习惯法上的格言，即「谁拥有土地，谁就拥有土地的上空」，因此，国家领土之上的空气空间从属于一国的主权，除从事不定期航行的民用航空器外，所有的航空器飞越外国领空须征得同意。
Court of First Fruits and Tenths 〈英〉初年圣俸与什一税征收法院 1540年建立的、负责征收初年圣俸〔first fruit; annate〕和什一税〔tenths〕的法院，1554年废除，由安妮女王基金管理会〔Governors of Queen Anne’s Bounty〕行使其职能。1947年这一职能转归英格兰国教委员会〔Church Commissioners〕行使。 (=Court of First Fruits)
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before first action, adv. Patents. After the filing of a patent application but before the mailing of any office action by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office examiner. • For example, an applicant typically files an information disclosure statement before first action, and often files preliminary amendments as well. [Cases: Patents 104. C.J.S. Patents §§
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