verbatim (v[schwa]r-bay-t[schwa]m), adj. & adv. [fr. Latin verbum “word”] Word for word. • Courts have repeatedly held that, in the context of the requirement that a trial record must be “verbatim,” absolute word-for-word accuracy is not necessary — and insubstantial omissions do not make a transcript “nonverbatim.” [Cases: Military Justice 1354, 1356.]
nominis receptio (nahm-[schwa]-nis ri-sep-shee-oh). [Latin] Roman law. A presiding judge’s registering of an accused person’s name in the rolls of a criminal court. • This registration was essential for the case to be tried. The day fixed for a criminal trial was ordinarily ten days after the nominis receptio.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. A federal statute that governs the public education of children with physical or mental handicaps and attempts to ensure that these children receive a free public education that meets their unique needs. • The Education of All Handicapped Children Act (enacted in 1975) was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education
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(an-[schwa]-m[schwa]s). [Latin] 1. Ill will; animosity. class-based animus A prejudicial disposition toward a discernible, usu. constitutionally protected, group of persons. • A class-based animus is an essential element of a civil-rights conspiracy case. [Cases: Civil Rights 1033(1), 1137. C.J.S. Civil Rights §§ 18, 20, 23–24, 34, 39–40.]
Public property that has by long tradition — as opposed to governmental designation — been used by the public for assembly and expression, such as a public street, public sidewalk, or public park. • To be constitutional, the government’s content-neutral restrictions of the time, place, or manner of expression must be narrowly tailored to serve
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fragmented literal similarity (版权法)片断文句相同 用以判断是否构成侵犯版权的「实质相同」〔substantial similarity〕的认定方法之一。原告只要表明分散在被告作品中的文句(或音乐段落、艺术符号或形象)就是原告受版权保护作品的组成部分，即可以证明被告构成复制侵权。
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Rule of Hadley v. Baxendale 哈德利诉巴克森德案规则根据该项规则，只有当当事人在缔约时已经预料到「特别损失」或「间接损失」〔special or consequential damages〕是违约的可能结果时，才应予以赔偿。(→Hadley v. Baxendale; consequential damages)
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connivance (k[schwa]-nI-v[schwa]nts), n. 1. The act of indulging or ignoring another’s wrongdoing, esp. when action should be taken to prevent it. 2. Family law. As a defense to divorce, one spouse’s corrupt consent, express or implied, to have the other commit adultery or some other act of sexual misconduct. • Consent is an essential element
The pleasure, comfort, and advantage that a person may derive from the occupancy of land. • The term includes not only the interests that a person may have for residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial, and other purposes, but also interests in having the present-use value of the land unimpaired by changes in its physical condition.
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land-poor, adj. (Of a person) owning a substantial amount of unprofitable or encumbered land, but lacking the money to improve or maintain the land or to pay the charges due on it.