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jus banci

jus banci (j[schwa]s ban-sI), n. [Law Latin “right of bench”] Hist. The right or privilege of having an elevated and separate seat of judgment, formerly allowed only to the king’s judges, who administered what was from then on called “high justice.”

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pleas of the Crown

pleas of the Crown 〈英〉 (1)国王之诉 古时指国王对之拥有金钱利益的诉讼,如在刑事诉讼中课以罚金等,刑事诉讼是国王之诉的重要组成部分,因为除极少数特别严重的犯罪要处以身体刑外,绝大部分犯罪都可处以罚金。诺曼时代对国王之诉作出了明确的界定,它不仅指国王对之享有金钱利益的诉讼,也指针对国王的犯罪行为,格兰威尔〔Glanvill〕还列出了这些犯罪的种类:叛逆,违反和平,杀人,放火,抢劫,强奸,伪造王玺或货币。盗窃罪在某些郡属于国王之诉。国王之诉均由王座法庭〔King’s或Queen’s Bench〕管辖,并区别于郡法庭〔county court〕管辖的郡长之诉〔pleas of the sheriff〕以及普通的民事诉讼〔common pleas〕。而国王之诉和民事诉讼〔common pleas〕的区别与刑事案件〔criminal cases〕和民事案件〔civil cases〕的区别相似,但不完全等同。 (2)公诉;刑事诉讼之所以如此称谓,是因为君主在法律上被认为是犯罪行为侵犯的社会利益的代表者,因此他也是所有犯罪的当然公诉人。

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