novi operis nuntiatio (noh-vIahp-[schwa]-ris n[schwa]n-shee-ay-shee-oh). [Latin “new work protest”] Roman law. A protest against an opus novum (“new work”). • A person whose rights were impaired by the building of a new structure could protest to the praetor. The praetor could order the builder to give the protestor a security against any loss caused by […]
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lex loci 〈拉〉…之地的法律；发生地法；当地的法律 指对诉讼有决定性影响的事件或行为发生地的法律，亦即案件所涉权利或义务发生地的法律。一般亦可直接用作契约地法〔lex loci contractus〕。
jettison (jet-[schwa]-s[schwa]n), n. Maritime law. 1. The act of voluntarily throwing cargo overboard to lighten or stabilize a ship that is in immediate danger. — Also termed equitable jettison; jactura; jactus mercium navis levandae causa. See general average under AVERAGE. 2. JETSAM. — jettison, vb. “The goods must not be swept away by the violence
reasonable person. 1. A hypothetical person used as a legal standard, esp. to determine whether someone acted with negligence; specif., a person who exercises the degree of attention, knowledge, intelligence, and judgment that society requires of its members for the protection of their own and of others’ interests. • The reasonable person acts sensibly, does
elements of crime 犯罪构成要件 指公诉方为支持公诉而必须予以证明的构成犯罪的要件。在普通法上，犯罪构成要件包括犯罪行为〔actus reus〕、因果关系〔causation〕和犯罪意图〔mens rea〕。美国《模范刑法典》〔Model Penal Code〕扩大了犯罪构成要件的范围，除犯罪行为、因果关系、犯罪意图外，还将决定罪行轻重的因素〔grading factors〕以及各种辩护理由的不能成立包括在内。
overt act. Criminal law. 1. An act that indicates an intent to kill or seriously harm another person and thus gives that person a justification to use self-defense. [Cases: Assault and Battery 5, 51; Homicide 767. C.J.S. Assault and Battery §§ 8, 64–65, 70.] 2. An outward act, however innocent in itself, done in furtherance
do ut des 〈拉〉(罗马法)互易 无名契约的一种。罗马五大法学家之一保卢斯〔J.Paulus〕把无名契约〔contractus re innominati〕分为4种：１以物易物，即互易；２以物易工；３以工易物；４以工易工，即换工。互易是早于买卖出现的一种商品交易形式。它不通过货币而直接以物换取他物，如我给你一只羊，你给我五只鸡等。
quasi ex contractu 准合同(→quasi contract; quasi contractus)
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