public figure

public figure. A person who has achieved fame or notoriety or who has voluntarily become involved in a public controversy. • A public figure (or public official) suing for defamation must prove that the defendant acted with actual malice. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 84 S.Ct. 710 (1964).

— Also termed public character. [Cases: Libel and Slander 48(1). C.J.S. Libel and Slander; Injurious Falsehood §§ 91–92, 96, 98, 102–104.]

all-purpose public figure. A person who achieves such pervasive fame or notoriety that he or she becomes a public figure for all purposes and in all contexts. • For example, a person who occupies a position with great persuasive power and influence may become an all-purpose public figure whether or not the person actively seeks attention. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323, 345, 94 S.Ct. 2997, 3009 (1974).

limited-purpose public figure. A person who, having become involved in a particular public issue, has achieved fame or notoriety only in relation to that particular issue. [Cases: Libel and Slander 48(1). C.J.S. Libel and Slander; Injurious Falsehood §§ 91–92, 96, 98, 102–104.]

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