reduction to practice

glossary / reduction to practice
Patents. The embodiment of the concept of an invention, either by physical construction and operation or by filing a patent application with a disclosure adequate to teach a person reasonably skilled in the art how to make and work the invention without undue experimentation.

• The date of reduction to practice is critical in determining priority between inventors competing for a patent on the same invention. See INVENTION. [Cases: Patents 90(5). C.J.S. Patents § 123.]

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资深译员Paul，毕业于国际一流的高级翻译学院，专注翻译各种与政府合同诉讼有关的法律文件。

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reduction to practice

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reduction to practice 〈美〉(专利法)付诸实际；实现 指将发明人所构思的方法付诸有形的行为从而达到预设的结果。发明过程〔inventive process〕始于构思〔conception〕而终于付诸实际，故所谓付诸实际，亦即将发明人的构思通过实际构造而成为其实际功能形式〔working form〕。因此，就专利法而言，除非已经付诸实际，否则即不存在一项发明。美国专利法采用「先发明」〔first to invent〕原则，此有别于其他大多数国家所采用的「先申请」〔first to file〕原则，故确认某一发明是否或何时实现，在牴触审查程序〔interference proceeding〕中具有关键意义，当同一项发明有两个以上发明人申请专利时，可以此确认何者享有优先权〔priority〕。它分为两种：真实付诸实际〔actual reduction to practice〕与推定付诸实际〔constructive reduction to practice〕。前者指通过检测的方式将发明思想〔idea〕进行应用，以确认该发明思想可以达到预设目标；后者是指将发明或外观设计向专利商标局〔Patent and Trademark…

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