Court of High Commission. Hist. Eccles. law. A tribunal responsible for inquiring into religious offenses such as the holding of heretical opinions, and absence from church. • Functioning as a court, the High Commission also prosecuted violations of the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559), the statutes that gave the Crown supreme power over the […]
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Court of High Commission 〈英〉宗教事务高等法院(委员会) 16世纪由王室设立，用以实施有关宗教改革协定的法律以及对教会实行监督的教会法院。依据《君主至上法》〔Act of Supremacy〕和《礼拜仪式统一法》〔Act of Uniformity〕，英国君主是教会的最高首脑，拥有最高宗教管辖权，其任命的钦差专员〔commissioners〕有广泛的权力实施两个法令，处理宗教违法行为和压制危害国教的运动。他们行使权力时要听从枢密院的指示并受其监督。约1580年左右，若干钦差专员组成了一个长期固定的委员会审理普通教会法不受理的诉状，成为担负司法职能的常设机构，史称宗教事务高等法院。该法院的司法程序完全奠基于教会法而非普通法，委员中既有神职人员也有俗人，他们遍布全国以保证教会法的统一实施。该法院与星室法院和枢密院关系密切，它曾因其权力和效率成为广受欢迎的法院，但也是有争议的镇压不承认国教者的工具。最终摧毁该法院的反对力量主要来自清教派、普通法及其法官。1641年它被撤销，1689年《权利法案》〔Bill of Rights〕斥之为「非法」和「有害」而被废除。
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Hist. Eccles. law. A tribunal responsible for inquiring into religious offenses such as the holding of heretical opinions, and absence from church. • Functioning as a court, the High Commission also prosecuted violations of the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559), the statutes that gave the Crown supreme power over the Church of England. The
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