fatal variance
fatal variance 实质性分歧 民事诉讼中，指诉状与证据之间存在严重的不一致，致使对方在主张权利或进行答辩时处于不利地位。在刑事诉讼中，指起诉书中指称的事实与在审判中查证的事实不一致，使得被告人缺少充裕时间准备辩护，无法享有不受双重危险的宪法保障。由于侵犯了被告人的实质性权利，构成撤销有罪判决的理由。
fatal variance
fatal variance
A variance that either deprives the defendant of fair notice of the charges or exposes the defendant to the risk of double jeopardy. • A fatal variance is grounds for reversing a conviction. [Cases: Indictment and Information 171. C.J.S. Indictments and Informations §§ 206, 211.]