HOMAGE

homage

homage (hom-ij). In feudal times, a ceremony that a new tenant performed for the lord to acknowledge the tenure. • This was the most honorable service that a free tenant might do for a lord. In the ceremony, kneeling before the lord, the tenant placed his hands between the lord’s hands while saying, “I become […]

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homage

homage n. 臣服;臣服礼 这是封臣接受领主封赠时向领主所必须行的大礼,是封建契约关系建立的重要仪式。臣服礼在封臣与领主之间建立起了一种依附关系,依此,封臣要履行协助领主的义务,而领主则要保护封臣,包括在武力和诉讼两方面。违反臣服礼的义务则被视为十恶不赦的犯罪,起初是重罪的主要部分。臣服礼的仪式是:封臣跪在领主面前,将双手放于领主双手之间,用诺曼法语说:「从今往后,我将怀着无比崇敬的心情终我一身完全臣服于您,蒙您恩惠保有地产,故将对您忠贞不渝。」臣服包括如下几种:绝对臣服〔liege homage〕、简易臣服〔homagium planum〕、相对臣服〔homagium simplex〕、世代臣服〔homagium antecessorium〕等。随着王权的加强,对普通领主的臣服渐趋衰微,地产法中的财产性因素取代了人身性义务变得重要起来,对国王的效忠也取得了优先地位。另外,臣服礼只能面对领主本人作出,但效忠〔fealty〕则可向领主的管家或执行管家作出。臣服于1660年被取消,而效忠仍沿袭下来。 (→fealty)

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