Twelve Tables

Twelve Tables

Twelve Tables 《十二表法》;《十二铜表法》 是古罗马最早的法典和罗马法的起点,于公元前451-450年间由一个十人委员会制订,起初为十表,后来的一个委员会又在其上附加两表,故称《十二表法》。它的制定是建立在对希腊政治的考察基础之上的,因此带有一些希腊的流风余韵,但实质上还主要是罗马式的。它由民众大会〔comitia〕通过,并在广场上立铜表公布,意在使以前只为祭司所掌握的重要的习惯法规则成文化,并限制贵族特权,因此还包括了立法改革和革新习惯法的措施。《十二表法》包含了公法方面的规则,但主要还是关于私法、刑法及程序方面,当然它并未涵盖当时被接受为法律的全部规则。今天只有一些文本的片断残存了下来,其中的一些古语段落甚难解释。总的来说,《十二表法》认可了当时的家族制和贵族集团的特权,体现了宗教习俗的影响,并视债务奴隶制为合法。《十二表法》在古罗马被推崇备至,从未遭到废弃,但为后来罗马法的发展所取代,不过其中的一些基本规则一直沿用到优士丁尼时代。

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twelve tables

Twelve Tables. Roman law. The earliest surviving legislation enacted by the Romans, written on 12 tablets in the 5th century B.C. • The Tables set out many rights and duties of Roman citizens, including debtors’ rights, family law, wills, torts, civil procedure, and some public law. They substituted a written body of laws, easily accessible

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Twelve Tables

Roman law. The earliest surviving legislation enacted by the Romans, written on 12 tablets in the 5th century B.C. • The Tables set out many rights and duties of Roman citizens, including debtors’ rights, family law, wills, torts, civil procedure, and some public law. They substituted a written body of laws, easily accessible and binding

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