ancient serjeant
ancient serjeant. Hist. English law. The eldest of the Crown’s serjeants. • The last serjeant to hold this office died in 1866.
Search Results for: ANCIENT
ancient demesne
ancient demesne (英格兰古法)古地；古地自保 古地自保的庄园是那些在忏悔者爱德华〔Edward the Confessor, 1042-1066年在位〕和征服者威廉〔William the Conqueror, 1066-1087年在位〕统治时期就由国王实际直接占有的土地，在《末日审判书》〔Domesday〕中注明为「王地」〔terrae regis; terrae regis Eduardi〕。在这些土地上负农役〔socage〕的封臣被称为古地保有者〔tenants in ancient demesne〕。古地保有和其它保有比起来有以下不同：首先，1833年《不动产时傚法》〔Real Property Limitation Act〕之前，有关这种保有的诉讼只能在普通民事诉讼法庭〔Court of Common Pleas〕或在古地庄园法庭〔court of ancient demesne of the manor〕进行，后者由古地自保者组成类似于普通保有庄园中的封臣法庭〔court baron〕；其次，这类土地独立于领主意志之外而通过普通法转让方式转移；最后，基于这种保有还可以针对驱逐之诉〔ejectment〕提出程序上的抗辩。除了作为古地保有者的农役封臣外，古地上还有三种公簿地产保有人，对应三种不同方式的保有：１依国王特许状自由保有土地的人；２习惯公簿保有〔customary freeholds; customary leaseholds〕人，他们依习惯而非领主意志保有王地，尽管其转让要通过交回〔surrender〕或契据〔deed〕和认可〔admittance〕的方式进行；３依领主意志凭法庭记录的副本保有土地，又称为农奴公簿保有〔copyholds of base tenure〕人。在《末日审判书》中，关于某一特定庄园是否古地保有的记录是确定的，但关于某块土地是否属于某古地保有庄园则作为事实问题留给陪审团裁断。在古地自保中，土地上没有次一级和相冲突的利益，森林和矿藏属于古地自保者，对领主的义务均是固定的。 (→tenure; demesne; socage)
ancients
ancients. Hist. Certain members of seniority in the Inns of Court and Chancery. • In Gray’s Inn, the society con-sisted of benchers, ancients, barristers, and students under the bar, with the ancients being the oldest barristers. In the Middle Temple, those who passed the readings were termed ancients. The Inns of Chancery consisted of both
court of ancient demesne
court of ancient demesne 古领地法庭 类似于采邑民事法庭〔court baron〕，该法庭由全体自由土地保有人〔freeholders〕充任法官和封臣裁判官〔suitors〕。它是由国王任命的王室管家〔bailiff〕主持，仅为王室古领地上的封臣诉讼而设立的法庭，可以赋予王室古领地封臣一定的豁免权或特惠，如准许被剥夺了土地的人通过申请权利回复令状〔writ of right close〕而重新获得自己的土地权利。 (→right close; ancient demesne)
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ancient
adj. Evidence. Having existed for a long time without interruption, usu. at least 20 to 30 years [ancient deed] [ancient map]. • Ancient items are usu. presumed to be valid even if proof of validity cannot be made Fed. R. Evid. 901(b)(8). [Cases: Evidence 372. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 1010–1012, 1014–1015.]
ancient writing
ancient writing 古文据 契约、遗嘱以及其他存在30年或20年以上的文据。这类文据由于存在时间长，而且来自于合理的保管处，故被认为真实可信，并不因缺少证人或其他证据而影响其有效性。
ancient document
Evidence. A document that is presumed to be authentic because its physical condition strongly suggests authenticity, it has existed for 20 or more years, and it has been maintained in proper custody (as by coming from a place where it is reasonably expected to be found).Fed. R. Evid. 901(b)(8). — Also termed ancient writing. [Cases:
ancient house
Hist. In England, a house that has stood long enough to acquire an easement of support against the adjoining land or building.
ancient survey
ancient survey 旧勘查记录 由有权的机构或人员作出的，被记录或接受为公共档案并处于合法的保管之下，至少有30年历史的旧的勘查记录。无需对其作进一步的证实即可作为证据被采纳。