exchange control 〈英〉外汇管制；外汇管理 1947年的外汇管制法延续了战争期间关于外汇管制制度的规定，希望以控制对非英镑区国家〔sterling area countries〕居民的支付的办法，来制止除国家利益需要外的国外资本输出以及遏制短期资本的投机性流动。1972年的两个外汇管制令对1947年的外汇管制法做了修改。该法第1-4条禁止被授权的经营商——主要是银行——之外的其他人经营黄金和几乎所有的外币，并要求将黄金和外币出售给被授权的经营商，而被授权的经营商有义务通过外汇平准账户〔Exchange Equalisation Account〕买卖黄金和主要外币。第5-7条禁止对非英镑区居民的支付，但经财政部许可的除外。第8-20条规定控制证券的发行和转让。第20-23条限制纸币、证券的进出口。
stock exchange certificate 股票交易所会员资格证书
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exchange broker. One who negotiates money or merchandise transactions for others. [Cases: Brokers 2. C.J.S. Brokers §§ 2–5.]
foreign-exchange rate. The rate at which the currency of one country is exchanged for the currency of another country.
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exchange ratio. The number of shares that an acquiring company must give for each share of an acquired company.
second of exchange， first unpaid 第二份汇票，第一份尚未兑付 这句话标在汇票的票面上，以表明该汇票是一套汇票中的第二份，并且只有在第一份汇票尚未被兑付时，才可兑付第二份。
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inland bill of exchange 国内汇票 指其收款人和付款人系居住于同一国家的汇票，亦称domestic bill，区别于国外汇票〔foreign bill〕。 (=inland bill)
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bargained-for exchange. Contracts. A benefit or detriment that the parties to a contract agree to as the price of performance in return for a promise. • The Restatement of Contracts (Second) defines consideration exclusively in terms of bargain, but it does not mention benefit or detriment.
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Securities Exchange Act of 1934 〈美〉《1934年证券交易法》 该法是规范美国证券市场的操作和柜台交易的一部法律。该法要求信息公开，建立公平有序的证券市场，防止证券市场中的不正当经营行为，并加强政府对已在证券交易所上市注册并公开买卖的证券的监督管理。
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Something that pretends to pass on both sides of a transaction, but passes on only one side.