common informer
common informer 一般起诉人 在法律规定任何人都有权为获得对罪犯判处的罚金而起诉的情况下，为获得该罚金或其部分而对犯罪人提起诉讼者。英国1951年的《一般起诉人法》〔Common Informers Act〕废止了由一般起诉人提起诉讼的做法。美国一些司法区规定此种诉讼可以由州总检察长代表州提起，也可以由一般起诉人提起。
Search Results for: INFORMER
common informer
common informer. A person who sues to recover a penalty in a penal action. • In some jurisdictions, such an action may be instituted either by the attorney general on behalf of the state or by a common informer. See INFORMER; penal action under ACTION(4).
informer’s privilege
informer’s privilege 告发者特权 指政府拥有的一项对告发者身份进行保密的特权。但如果被告人在预审中作出的实质性的陈述中能有力地显示，政府方提供的宣誓作证者明知、故意或因为对事实真相的疏忽粗心而导致在宣誓证明书中作出了虚假陈述时，被告人有权要求进行真实听审〔veracity hearing〕。
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informer
informer. 1. INFORMANT. 2. A private citizen who brings a penal action to recover a penalty. • Under some statutes, a private citizen is required to sue the offender for a penalty before any criminal liability can attach. — Also termed common informer. See COMMON INFORMER. [Cases: Penalties 24. C.J.S. Penalties § 11.]
informer’s action
informer’s action 告发者诉讼；一般起诉人提起的诉讼 文义上可指一般起诉人〔informer〕提起的任何诉讼。在严格意义上则指分享的诉讼〔qui tam action〕。
relator
relator. 1. The real party in interest in whose name a state or an attorney general brings a lawsuit. See EX REL. [Cases: Attorney General 9. C.J.S. Attorney General §§ 11, 15.] 2. The applicant for a writ, esp. a writ of mandamus, prohibition, or quo warranto. [Cases: Mandamus 144; Prohibition 19; Quo Warranto 30.
delator
delator (di-lay-t[schwa]r), n. [Latin] Roman law. 1. An informer. 2. An accuser; esp., a person who made a practice of informing on and prosecuting others, esp. for fiscal offenses. • This was at first encouraged, but later the informer became subject to the death penalty. Pl. delatores.
darden hearing
Darden hearing. Criminal procedure. An ex parte proceeding to determine whether disclosure of an informer’s identity is pertinent to establishing probable cause when there is otherwise insufficient evidence to establish probable cause apart from the arresting officer’s testimony about an informer’s communications. • The defense attorney may be excluded from the hearing but can usu.
informant’s privilege
The qualified privilege that a government can invoke to prevent disclosure of the identity and communications of its informants. • In exercising its power to formulate evidentiary rules for federal criminal cases, the U.S. Supreme Court has consistently declined to hold that the government must disclose the identity of informants in a preliminary hearing or
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quadruplator
quadruplator (kwah-droo-pl[schwa]-tor), n. [Latin] Roman law. An informer who, by law, could institute criminal proceedings and then receive a reward of a fourth part of the thing informed against, usu. relating to frauds on the fiscus. Pl. quadruplatores (kwah-dr[schwa]-pl[schwa]-tor-eez).