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profert and oyer

profert and oyer 提供与宣读文件在旧时的普通法诉讼中，如果一方当事人在其诉状中援引某一签字蜡封的文件——如契据——作为依据，他即有义务将此文件提交法庭。另一方当事人有权要求听到〔oyer〕该文件——即要求向他宣读该文件，因为在早期一般认为被告自己没有阅读能力。提供与宣读文件制度为1852年《普通法诉讼程序法》〔Common Law Procedure Act〕废除。 (→oyer)

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contra proferentem

glossary / CONTRA PROFERENTEM

contra proferentem (kon-tr[schwa] prof-[schwa]-ren-t[schwa]m). [Latin “against the offeror”] The doctrine that, in interpreting documents, ambiguities are to be construed unfavorably to the drafter. — Also spelled contra proferentes. — Also termed ambiguity doctrine. [Cases: Contracts 155. C.J.S. Contracts § 337.]

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profert

glossary / PROFERT

profert (proh-f[schwa]rt).Common-law pleading. A declaration on the record stating that a party produces in court the deed or other instrument relied on in the pleading. [Cases: Pleading 305. C.J.S. Pleading §§ 519, 522.]

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profert in curia

glossary / PROFERT IN CURIA, 在法庭上出示

profert in curia (英格兰古法) (1)在法庭上出示旧时诉讼用语，指当事人声明准备或已经在法庭上出示与其诉求有关的契据或其他书面材料，与此相应法庭要审查这种证据，而对方当事人则有权听取〔oyer〕其内容。 (→oyer) (2)(推定为已)在法庭上出示在以前的诉讼中，一方宣称他已向法庭出示了某一契据〔deed〕，实际上该契据还处在他自己控制之下，但依其宣称的效力就可推定已为法庭据有。出示任何记录性文书相当于添加一份副本，但其它文书则不产生此后果。

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autoptic proference

glossary / AUTOPTIC PROFERENCE

autoptic proference (proh-f[schwa]r-[schwa]nts). The presentation of an item for inspection by the court. See demonstrative evidence under EVIDENCE. [Cases: Criminal Law 404.45; Evidence 188. C.J.S. Criminal Law §§ 854–855; Evidence §§ 789–791, 794, 796.] “Yet another form of proof that may present difficulties in defining evidence is what Wigmore calls ‘autoptic proference.’ By this barbarism,

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proferens

glossary / PROFERENS

proferens (proh-fer-enz). [Latin] The party that proposes a contract or a condition in a contract. Pl. proferentes (proh-f[schwa]-ren-teez).

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profert in curia

glossary / PROFERT IN CURIA

profert in curia (proh-f[schwa]rt in kyoor-ee-[schwa]). [Law Latin] He produces in court. • In common-law pleading, this phrase was used in a declaration asserting that the plaintiff was ready to produce, or had produced, the deed or other instrument on which the action was founded.

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