personal statute
Civil law. A law that primarily affects a person’s condition or status (such as a statute relating to capacity or majority) and affects property only incidentally.
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rule of reason
rule of reason 〈美〉(反托拉斯法)合理原则 判断一种行为是否违反《谢尔曼法》〔Sherman Act〕的司法原则，最初由最高法院1911年在美孚石油公司案中提出。根据该原则，只有一项贸易做法构成对贸易的不合理限制，才被认为违反了《谢尔曼法》。因此法院必须综合衡量案件中的各种因素，如限制行为的过程，被证实的罪行，采取特别救济的理由和寻求达到的结果等。但该原则不适用于「本身违法」的情形。(→Sherman Act)
public person
public person. A sovereign government, or a body or person delegated authority under it.
right of persons
right of persons 〈美〉个人权利 通常与个人权利〔personal rights〕含义相同。更确切地说，是指有关身体的权利〔physical rights〕，如旅行、观光等权利。(→personal right)
crimes against persons
crimes against persons. A category of criminal offenses in which the perpetrator uses or threatens to use force. • Examples include murder, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. — Also termed crimes against the person. Cf. offense against the person under OFFENSE(1).
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indifferent person
indifferent person 中立者 与诉讼各方当事人无利害关系，能够公正行事，对任何一方均不存在偏见的人。
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duopsony
duopsony (d[y]oo-op-s[schwa]-nee). A market in which there are only two buyers of a product.
poisonous tree doctrine
poisonous tree doctrine 〈美〉毒树原则 亦称「毒树之果」原则〔「fruit of poisonous tree」doctrine〕，指在非法搜查或非法逮捕过程中取得的材料由于其来源的非法性，不得作为证据被采纳。
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Equity does not permit a person to get double satisfaction for the same grievance.
Equity does not permit a person to get double satisfaction for the same grievance. 衡平法不允许一个人因同一损害而获得双重赔偿。 这项衡平法基本原则的拉丁文是aequitas non sinit ut eandem rem duplici via simul quis persequatur。
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