wergild (w[schwa]r-gild). Hist. The fixed value of a person’s life, being the amount that a homicide’s kindred must pay to the kindred of the slain person so as to avoid a blood feud. — Also spelled wergeld; weregild; wehrgeld. See EFFUSIO SANGUINIS; LEODES.
wergild n. 赎罪赔偿金 中世纪日耳曼法中规定的，由造成他人伤害的人向受害者本人，或者在造成死亡时向死者的亲属支付的一定数额的金钱赔偿。最初，赎罪赔偿金是不确定的，后来逐渐由法律和中世纪的一些法典固定下来。在有些国家，赎罪赔偿金的数额还与个人的社会地位有关，贵族的赔偿金要比普通人多得多。某些情况下，赎罪赔偿金的一部分要支付给国王或领主，因为他们失去了自己的臣民或奴仆。此外，与赎罪赔偿金相关的请求权还有两种：一是赔偿金〔bot〕，作为对已造成的损害的赔偿；另一种是伤害罚金〔wite〕，它是在赎罪赔偿金之外，作为对故意加害行为的惩罚而上交给国王的罚金。后来，随着王权的加强，不再允许以支付赔偿金的方式来赎罪，而是由国王或领主对加害人加以处罚，同时受害人本人或其亲属可以提出损害赔偿的要求，作为对其所受损失的补偿。
leodes (lee-oh-deez), n. [Law Latin] Hist. 1. A vassal. 2. Service to be provided to another. 3. Compensation to be paid by one who killed or seriously injured a vassal, divided among the sovereign, the vassal’s lord, and the vassal’s next of kin; WERGILD.
capitis aestimatio (kap-i-tis es-ti-may-shee-oh). [Latin “valuing of a head”] Hist. A monetary estimate of a person’s life, made to assess a penalty for the person’s slaying. See WERGILD.
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effusio sanguinis (e-fyoo-zhee-oh sang-gwi-nis). [Latin] Hist. 1. The shedding of blood. 2. The fine or penalty imposed for the shedding of blood. • The Crown granted to many lords of manors the power to collect this fine. — Also termed bloodwite; bloodwit. Cf. WERGILD.
Leges Langobardorum 《伦巴第法》 伦巴第人的法律，由《罗泰尔敕令》〔Edict of Rothair〕、瑞特普兰德〔Luitprand，712-744〕的补充敕令，以及格伦瓦尔德〔Grunwald〕、雷切斯〔Rachis〕、艾斯图尔夫〔Aistulf〕颁布的补充法律组成。伦巴第法基本上属于日耳曼法，依赖偿命金及宣誓断讼制度，但在公法及财产领域，则受到罗马法影响。 (→wergild；compurgation)
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