copyholder. Hist. A tenant by copyhold tenure. — Also termed tenant by the verge; tenant par la verge. “The lord still held a court, and that court kept records of all transactions affecting the lands. These records were called the rolls of the court. When, for instance, a tenant sold his interest to a third […]
Hist. A tenant by copyhold tenure. — Also termed tenant by the verge; tenant par la verge.
Hist. A base tenure requiring the tenant to provide the customary services of the manor, as reflected in the manor’s court rolls. • Copyhold tenure descended from pure villeinage; over time, the customs of the manor, as reflected on the manor’s rolls, dictated what services a lord could demand from a copyholder. This type of
verge (v[schwa]rj), n. Hist. 1. The area within 12 miles of the place where the king held his court and within which the king’s peace was enforced. • This area was commonly referred to as being in the verge. The verge got its name from the staff (called a “verge”) that the marshal bore. 2.
acknowledgment money (英格兰古法)新主认可金 某些庄园中由公簿地产保有人〔copyholder〕在老领主去世时，为获取新领主的认可而交纳的一笔费用。它不同于封地易主费〔fine〕。 (→fine; copyhold)
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feudal courts 领地法院；采邑法院 在12世纪，封建领主有权以领主身份为佃户主持法院。在13世纪，由于以下三个原因，该法院之重要性降低：１封建法的原则要求有一个从下到上的领地法院系统，而有些大领主的领地往往分散各处，使大的领地法院不可能存在；２王室司法权的扩张减少了领地法院的必要性；３所有封建制度的附属权利义务逐渐被视为具有获利的性质，被视为财产。领地法院的司法权逐渐成为只是土地占有的附属权益，可以世袭。领地法院后来发展出了领地封臣法庭〔courts baron〕和习惯法庭〔court customary〕，分别处理自由土地保有人〔freeholder〕之间和公簿土地持有人〔copyholder〕之间发生的纠纷。在苏格兰，大封建领主的世袭司法权〔heritable jurisdictions〕直到1747年才被废除。
customary court-baron (英格兰古法)领地习惯法庭 根据习惯，须在领地内举行的法庭，是一个为公簿地产保有人〔copyholder〕举行的习惯法庭，公簿地产保有人可在该法庭移转地产以及进行与地产权益相关的交易。 (→court baron)
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tenants by the verge 持杖土地保有人 通过在法院的记录中登录而享有不动产产权的土地保有人，其性质与公簿地产权人〔copyholder〕相似。如果该土地保有人为转让土地而将不动产归还所有人以供他人使用时，需要用节杖举行一些象征性程式，故称为持杖土地保有人。
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Hist. A manorial court with jurisdiction over amounts in controversy of 40 shillings or less. • Ac-cording to some authorities, the court baron developed into two courts: the customary court baron for disputes involving copyholders, and the court baron proper (also known as the freeholders’ court baron), in which free-holders were allowed to hold court
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