• If the woman is married when the artificial insemination and the birth occur, and her husband has consented to the insemination, and the insemination is performed by a licensed physician, the husband is considered the father of the child. If the woman is unmarried at the time of the insemination, several factors, varying from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, determine whether the donor is considered the father of the child. Cf. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION ; GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER; ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER.
Family law. A process for achieving conception, whereby semen is inserted into a woman’s vagina by some means other than intercourse.
Related
artificial insemination
artificial insemination 人工授精;人工受孕 指并非通过性交方式而是通过诸如注射器之类的器械将男子的精子注入妇女子宫内使其受孕。这一方法多用于不能生育或性无能的案例中,但现在单身母亲的趋势化也使得这一方法的适用更为普通。精子的来源可以是该妇女的丈夫〔artificial insemination using the husband’s sperm/AIH〕,也可以是第三方捐献人〔artificial insemination using the sperm of a third-party donor,简称AID〕。围绕人工授精特别是AID情况产生了许多道德和法律上的问题。在美国,大多数州的法律规定,在AIH情况下,所生的孩子被认为是丈夫的合法子女;在AID情况下,有些州规定所生的孩子被认为是该妇女与其丈夫的合法子女,但有些州则认为非法。如在多尔博斯〔Doornbos〕一案中,美国法院就认为AID是通奸,所生孩子为私生子。1963年纽约最高法院审理的格斯克〔Gursky〕案和1964年的安农安〔Anon〕案也遵从了这一看法。在人工授精实践中,一般应为捐献人及接受者保守身份秘密。在1992年戴维斯〔Davis〕对其妻提起诉讼,以阻止其妻使用或捐献他们夫妻冷冻已备日后使用的受精胚胎,田纳西州〔Tennessee〕最高法院裁决个人有生育自主权,有权选择是否生育儿女。明尼苏达大学的生物医学伦理中心〔Center for Biomedical Ethnics…