• Kelsen’s “pure theory of law” maintains that laws are norms. Therefore, a society’s legal system is made up of its norms, and each legal norm derives its validity from other legal norms. Ultimately, the validity of all laws is tested against the “basic norm,” which may be as simple as the concept that all pronouncements of the monarch are to be obeyed. Or it may be an elaborate system of lawmaking, such as a constitution.
— Also termed grundnorm. See PURE THEORY.
