business-judgment rule. Corporations. The presumption that in making business decisions not involving direct self-interest or self-dealing, corporate directors act on an informed basis, in good faith, and in the honest belief that their actions are in the corporation’s best interest. • The rule shields directors and officers from liability for unprofitable or harmful corporate transactions […]
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arm of the state. An entity created by a state and operating as an alter ego or instrumentality of the state, such as a state university or a state department of transportation. • The 11th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution generally bars suits in federal court by individuals against states. The Amendment has been interpreted
jurat (joor-at). 1. [fr. Latin jurare “to swear”] A certification added to an affidavit or deposition stating when and before what authority the affidavit or deposition was made. • A jurat typically says “Subscribed and sworn to before me this ____ day of [month], [year],” and the officer (usu. a notary public) thereby certifies three
safekeeping. 1. The act of protecting something in one’s custody. 2. Under the Securities Investors Protection Act, the holding of a security on behalf of the investor or broker that has paid for it. 15 USCA § 78lll(2). [Cases: Securities Regulation 185.13–185.16. C.J.S. Securities Regulation §§ 309–310, 312, 315–316, 318–319, 322.]
e-contract, n. 1. POINT-AND-CLICK AGREEMENT. 2. Any type of contract formed in the course of e-commerce by (1) the interaction of two or more individuals using electronic means, such as e-mail, (2) the interaction of an individual with an electronic agent, such as a computer program, or (3) the interaction of at least two electronic
asylum. 1. A sanctuary or shelter. 2. Protection of usu. political refugees from arrest by a foreign jurisdiction; a nation or embassy that affords such protection. — Also termed political asylum. [Cases: Aliens 53.10(3). C.J.S. Aliens §§ 85, 92, 97, 205, 218.] 3. An institution for the protection and relief of the unfortunate, esp. the
denaturalization. The process by which a government deprives a naturalized citizen of all rights, duties, and protections of citizenship. See 8 USCA § 1451. — denaturalize, vb.
search incident to arrest 〈美〉逮捕时的附带搜查 拥有逮捕权的官员，无论有无搜查证，均可对被逮捕者的人身及其直接控制范围内的地区进行搜查，以检查是否藏有武器等，也称作保护性搜查〔protective search〕。
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An equitable bill used to guard against possible or prospective injuries and to preserve the means by which existing rights are protected from future or contingent violations. • It differs from an injunction, which corrects past and present — or imminent and certain — injuries. One example is a bill to perpetuate testimony. See QUIA
common heritage of mankind. Int’l law. The parts of the earth and cosmos that can be said to belong to all humanity, without regard for geographic location, and that should be protected and administered for its benefit. • The term embraces the ocean floor and its subsoil, and outer space. — Also termed common heritage
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