debenture indenture. An indenture containing obligations not secured by a mortgage or other collateral. • It is a long-term financing vehicle that places the debenture holder in substantially the same position as a bondholder secured by a first mortgage.
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de tallagio non concedendo (dee t[schwa]-lay-jee-oh non kon-s[schwa]-den-doh), n. [Law Latin “of not granting tallage”] Hist. The title of a statute declaring that no taxes will be imposed by the king or his heirs without the consent of the archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, knights, and other freemen of the realm. • The statute has been
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nonjuror. 1. Someone who is not serving as a juror. 2. Hist. A person who refused to pledge allegiance to the sovereign; specif., in England and Scotland, a clergyman who, after 1688, refused to break the oath to James II and his heirs and successors, and to recognize William of Orange as king. • In
Patents. The date that will determine which applicant in an interference proceeding will get a patent. • The priority date is also the cutoff date for prior art. In the United States the priority date is the date of invention; in the rest of the world it is the date on which the patent application
livery of seisin. Hist. The ceremony by which a grantor conveyed land to a grantee. • Livery of seisin involved either (1) going on the land and having the grantor symbolically deliver possession of the land to the grantee by handing over a twig, a clod of dirt, or a piece of turf (called livery
Berne Convention Implementation Act. Copyright. The 1988 federal law making the United States a signatory to the Berne Convention, 102 years after the convention was first opened for signatures. • The law ended rigid formalities for registration and marking, although registration is still required before U.S.-copyright owners can sue for infringement. Pub. L. No. 100-568,
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ducat (d[schwa]k-it). A gold coin used as currency, primarily in Europe and first appearing in Venice in the early 1100s, with the motto sit tibi, Christe, dato, quem tu regis, iste Ducatus (“let this duchy which thou rulest be dedicated to thee, O Christ”). • It survived into the 20th century in several countries, including
A treaty in which the parties agree not to engage in any aggressive action against one another, whether individually or jointly with others, and not to interfere with the other party’s affairs. • There is no commitment to aid another party in the event of war — only to refrain from becoming involved.
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affray ([schwa]-fray). The fighting, by mutual consent, of two or more persons in some public place, to the terror of onlookers. • The fighting must be mutual. If one person unlawfully attacks another who resorts to self-defense, the first is guilty of assault and battery, but there is no affray. — Also termed fray. Cf.
A preferential vote that will migrate or “transfer” away from a candidate whom it will no longer help. • Under transferable voting, a candidate wins if his or her first-choice votes reach the number needed to win, or the “threshold.” If no candidate reaches the threshold, the least-preferred candidate is dropped and his or her
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