condonation (kon-d[schwa]-nay-sh[schwa]n), n. 1. A victim’s express or (esp.) implied forgiveness of an offense, esp. by treating the offender as if there had been no offense. • Condonation is not usu. a valid defense to a crime. 2. One spouse’s express or implied forgiveness of a marital offense by resuming marital life and sexual intimacy. […]
desertion, n. The willful and unjustified abandonment of a person’s duties or obligations, esp. to military service or to a spouse or family. • In family law, the five elements of spousal desertion are (1) a cessation of cohabitation, (2) the lapse of a statutory period, (3) an intention to abandon, (4) a lack of
husband and wife 夫妻；夫妻关系 指夫妻间的自然和法律关系。由有效婚姻产生的男女关系可以产生相互间权利义务关系，包括相互依附、共同寝食、相互扶养以及在性生活上相互忠诚的权利义务。英国的普通法将夫妻当作一个人对待，已婚妇女的法律人格完全被包含在其丈夫的法律人格中，妻子不能独立于丈夫而取得、支配或转让任何财产。但在衡平法中，妻子的地位得到了改善，她可以独立于其丈夫，享有完全的契约缔结权和财产所有权，双方各自承担婚前债务，各自拥有并独立支配各自的财产，但也可把财产合在一起共同享有。在英格兰，丈夫可就因第三方的原因造成的失去配偶或妨碍夫妻关系提出损害赔偿。配偶中任何一方都不对另一方的行为承担刑事责任，除非这种行为是在对方煽动或命令下所实施的。根据法定继承规则，配偶的任何一方死后，活着的一方对死者的财产享有权利。夫妻关系只有当配偶一方死亡或双方离婚才告终止。 (→alimony; curtesy; divorce; dower; free-bench; judicial separation; jus mariti; marriage; marital rights; married woman; matrimonial causes; unity of husband and wife; wife)
acquet (a-kayor [schwa]-kwet), n. [French acquêt “acquisition”] (usu. pl.) Civil law. 1. Property acquired by purchase, gift, or any means other than inheritance. • The term is most commonly used to denote a marital ac-quisition that is presumed to be community property. — Also termed acquets and conquets. 2. Property acquired by either spouse during
domestic partnership. 1. A nonmarital relationship between two persons of the same or opposite sex who live together as a couple for a significant period of time. 2. A relationship that an employer or governmental entity recognizes as equivalent to marriage for the purpose of extending employee-partner benefits otherwise reserved for the spouses of employees.
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The individual property of one of two persons who stand in a marital or business relationship. See SEPARATE PROPERTY. [Cases: Husband and Wife 110–202.]
A special type of marriage in which the parties agree to more stringent requirements for marriage and divorce than are otherwise imposed by state law for ordinary marriages. • In the late 1990s, several states (beginning with Louisiana: see Acts 1997, No. 1380, § 5) passed laws providing for covenant marriages. The requirements vary, but
prenuptial agreement. An agreement made before marriage usu. to resolve issues of support and property division if the marriage ends in divorce or by the death of a spouse. — Also termed antenuptial agreement; antenuptial contract; premarital agreement; premarital contract; marriage settlement. — Sometimes shortened to prenup. Cf. POSTNUPTIAL AGREEMENT ; COHABITATION AGREEMENT . [Cases:
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deduction n. (1)扣减项目；扣减金额 在计算应税所得或应税财产时从纳税人的总收入或总资产中扣减的项目或金额。 (2)(罗马法)先取份额；先取物 某一继承人在分割遗产前有权从遗产中先予获得的遗产或遗产份额。 (→charitable deduction; deductible; marital deduction; orphan’s deduction)
transmutation. A change in the nature of something; esp., in family law, the transformation of separate property into marital property, or of marital property into separate property.