intangible trade value. Intellectual property. The measure of an enterprise’s proprietary information, ideas, goodwill, and other nonphysical commercial assets. • The law of misappropriation provides some protection against the taking of intangible trade values to compete unfairly with their original owner. — Also termed intangible asset; intangible trade property.
intangible trade value Read More »
devastavit (dev-[schwa]-stay-vit), n. [Latin “he (or she) has wasted”] A personal representative’s failure to administer a decedent’s estate promptly and properly, esp. by spending extravagantly or misapplying assets. • A personal representative who commits waste in this way becomes personally liable to those having claims on the assets, such as creditors and beneficiaries.
Annapolis Convention 〈美〉安纳波利斯会议 尽管英国与其前北美殖民地已签署了和平条约，但仍继续危及美国航运，而北美十三州在对付英国海军一致行动上又有歧见；更糟的是，具有天然优势的州正对其邻近州造成不利，正如詹姆斯·麦迪逊〔James Madison〕描写道，一些「没有便利港口进行对外贸易的州，在通过邻近州进行对外贸易时不得不接受邻近州的征税」。解决这种残酷贸易战的方式就是采取国家行动，但其时的邦联国会〔Confederation Congress〕并无权力。马里兰州〔Maryland〕和弗吉尼亚州〔Virginia〕已就切萨皮克湾〔Chesapeake Bay〕及支流的航运达成一致意见，它们邀请特拉华州〔Delaware〕和宾夕法尼亚州〔Pennsylvania〕也加入这一协定，弗吉尼亚州则进一步建议召集一个包括各州的州际贸易会议，讨论州际共同商业政策。1786年10个州选派代表参加在马里兰州安纳波利斯举行的贸易会议，但由于种种原因在9月份只有五个州的代表实际参加会议，并没有达到法定州数，不过会议仍通过一项建议，由所有州在下一年第二个星期一在费城重新举行一次会议，来解决邦联政府体制的严重缺陷。这次会议本身并无重大意义，但作为以后召开制定宪法的全国会议的前奏，却有着不可否认的作用。
Annapolis Convention Read More »
runner. 1. A law-office employee who delivers papers between offices and files papers in court. 2. One who solicits personal-injury cases for a lawyer. — Also termed capper. 3. A smuggler. 4. BrE. Slang. An escape; flight (from something); a voluntary disappearance.
A fund established usu. by a state or a state bar association to compensate persons for losses that they suffered because of their attorneys’ misappropriation of funds or other misconduct. [Cases: Attorney and Client 129.5. C.J.S. Attorney and Client § 279.]
client security fund Read More »
interpretatio viperina (in-t[schwa]r-pri-tay-shee-oh vI-p[schwa]-rI-n[ schwa]). [Law Latin “a viper’s interpretation”] Hist. A disapproved method of construction, by which ambiguous documents are interpreted in a way that destroys their effectiveness.
interpretatio viperina Read More »
missing person. 1. Someone whose whereabouts are unknown and, after a reasonable time, seem to be unascertainable. 2. Someone whose continuous and unexplained absence entitles the heirs to petition a court to declare the person dead and to divide up the person’s property. See SEVEN-YEARS’-ABSENCE RULE . Cf. DISAPPEARED PERSON. [Cases: Death 2. C.J.S. Death
quorum, n. Parliamentary law. The minimum number of members (usu. a majority of all the members) who must be present for a deliberative assembly to legally transact business. Pl. quorums.[Cases: Courts 101. C.J.S. Courts § 137.] constituency-based quorum. See interest-based quorum. disappearing quorum. A quorum whose presence may be more presumptive than actual. See presumption
明知，知情 英语：scienter (US) 法语：sciemment, en connaissance de cause 德语：wissentlich, vorsätzlich 意大利语：consapevol- mente, con cognizione di causa 西班牙语：a sabiendas