Bertillon system (b[schwa]r-t[schwa]-lon or bair-tee-yawn). A system of anthropometry once used to identify criminals by measuring and describing them. • The Bertillon system is named for Alphonse Bertillon, the French anthropologist who developed the technique early in the 20th century. It has been largely replaced by fingerprinting. Cf. ANTHROPOMETRY. “The system of identification known as […]
Insurance that protects against loss to growing crops from natural perils such as hail and fire. [Cases: Insurance 2203–2208. C.J.S. Insurance §§ 60, 413, 1076.]
sweatwork. Slang. A compilation, esp. a searchable computer database, that does not qualify for U.S. copyright protection because the underlying facts are not copyrightable and the compilation is not a nontrivial arrangement. • New forms of intellectual-property laws are aimed at protecting the “sweat-of-the-brow” investment that goes into compiling databases. Cf. SWEAT-OF-THE-BROW DOCTRINE E.
Insurance that protects the insured against a loss connected with the use of an aircraft. • This type of insurance can be written to cover a variety of risks, including bodily injury, property damage, and hangarkeepers’ liability. [Cases: Insurance 2329.]
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legalism, n. 1. Formalism carried almost to the point of meaninglessness; an inclination to exalt the importance of law or formulated rules in any area of action. “What is legalism? It is the ethical attitude that holds moral conduct to be a matter of rule following, and moral relationships to consist of duties and rights
Constitutional law. The doctrine allowing the government to restrict the First Amendment freedoms of speech and press if necessary to prevent immediate and severe danger to interests that the government may lawfully protect. • This test was formulated by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47, 39 S.Ct. 247 (1919).
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Family and Medical Leave Act. A 1993 federal statute providing that employees may take unpaid, job-protected leave for certain family reasons, as when a family member is sick or when a child is born.29 USCA §§ 2601 et seq. • The statute applies to businesses with 50 or more employees. An employee may take up
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Privileges or Immunities Clause. The constitutional provision (U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1) prohibiting state laws that abridge the privileges or immunities of U.S. citizens. • The clause was effectively nullified by the Supreme Court in the Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873). Cf. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE; EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE. [Cases: Constitutional Law
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Trademark Cyberpiracy Prevention Act. See ANTICYBERSQUATTING CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT.
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Statute of Allegiance de Facto. Hist. A statute requiring subjects to give allegiance to the actual (de facto) king, and protecting them in so doing.11 Hen. 7, ch. 1.
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