surface-damage clause. Oil & gas. A lease provision requiring the lessee to pay the lessor or the surface-interest owner for all or for a specified kind or degree of damage to the surface that results from oil-and-gas operations. — Also termed location-damage clause; damages clause.
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contingent damages 不确定的损害赔偿 指在诉讼中对有关的法律抗辩〔demurrer〕尚未进行审理前提出的损害赔偿。
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Damages that are not clearly the result of a wrong. • The rule against allowing recovery of uncertain damages refers to these damages, not damages that are uncertain only in amount. [Cases: Damages 6. C.J.S. Damages §§ 38–41, 299.]
presumptive damages 推定的损害赔偿金 即惩罚性损害赔偿金〔punitive or exemplary damages〕。
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liquidated-damages clause. A contractual provision that determines in advance the measure of damages if a party breaches the agreement. • Traditionally, courts have upheld such a clause unless the agreed-on sum is deemed a penalty for one of the following reasons: (1) the sum grossly exceeds the probable damages on breach, (2) the same sum
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Damages that, by statute, are three times the amount that the fact-finder determines is owed. — Also termed triple damages. [Cases: Damages 227. C.J.S. Damages §§ 218–219, 383.]
unliquidated damages 未确定数额损害赔偿(金) 指损害赔偿已经裁定或判决而成立，但其数额未能以某一固定公式加以确定，须由法官或陪审团根据案件的全部情况、当事人的行为，甚或其主观意见或估计而予自由酌定。亦指非由当事人先约定数额之损害赔偿金，尤指违约损害赔偿金。 (→liquidated damages; damages)
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interest by way of damages 延期支付利息 对因非法(不论违约或侵权)延期支付金钱所致的利息损失获得的赔偿，这种赔偿只能通过诉讼获得。 (=moratory interest)
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Damages insufficient to fully and fairly compensate the parties; damages bearing no reasonable relation to the plaintiff’s injuries, indicating prejudice, mistake, or other fact to support setting aside a jury’s verdict. [Cases: Damages 127–140. C.J.S. Damages §§ 384–385, 387–394; Parent and Child § 344.]
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