suspect classification. Constitutional law. A statutory classification based on race, national origin, or alienage, and thereby subject to strict scrutiny under equal-protection analysis. • Examples of laws creating suspect classifications are those permitting only U.S. citizens to receive welfare benefits and setting quotas for the government’s hiring of minority contractors. See STRICT SCRUTINY. Cf. FUNDAMENTAL […]
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last-link doctrine. The rule that an attorney need not divulge nonprivileged information if doing so would reveal information protected by the attorney–client privilege, particularly if the information would provide essential evidence to support indicting or convicting the client of a crime. • This doctrine is often relied on as an exception to the rule that
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bet, n. Something (esp. money) staked or pledged as a wager. [Cases: Gaming 1.] — bet, vb. — betting, n. — bettor, n. layoff bet. A bet placed by a bookmaker to protect against excessive losses or to equalize the total amount placed on each side of the wager. See LAYOFF BETTOR. [Cases: Gaming 73.]
anarchy, n. 1. Absence of government; lawlessness. 2. A sociopolitical theory holding that the only legitimate form of government is one under which individuals govern themselves voluntarily, free from any collective power structure enforcing compliance with social order. — anarchic, adj. criminal anarchy. A doctrine advocating the overthrow of organized government by force or violence,
witness-tampering. The act or an instance of obstructing justice by intimidating, influencing, or harassing a witness before or after the witness testifies. • Several state and federal laws, including the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 (18 USCA § 1512), provide criminal penalties for tampering with witnesses or other persons in the context of
poenae secundarum nuptiarum (pee-nee sek-[schwa]n-dair-[schwa]m n[schwa]p-shee-air-[schwa]m). [Latin “penalties of second marriages”] Roman law. Disabilities that, for the protection of children of a first marriage, are imposed on a parent who remarries. “If either parent re-married, the interests of the children of the first marriage were protected (in the later Roman Empire) by a number of
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public writing. 1. The written acts or records of a government (or its constituent units) that are not constitutionally or statutorily protected from disclosure. • Laws and judicial records, for example, are public writings. A private writing that becomes part of a public record may be a public writing in some circumstances. 2. Rare. A
Humble Petition and Advice 〈英〉《恭顺请愿和建议书》 英国资产阶级革命时期，在受军事力量统治几年之后，1657年，第二届护国议会〔Protectorate Parliament〕提出了《恭顺请愿和建议书》，它实际上是对起宪法作用的《政府约法》〔Instrument of Government〕的修订。它最初是向克伦威尔提供王位，但克伦威尔犹豫再三未接受。最后经《续请愿和建议书》〔Additional Petition and Advice〕修正改立克伦威尔为护国公〔Lord Protector〕。护国公有权任命其继承人，三年内至少召集一次两院议会。国务会议〔Council of State〕被重新指定为枢密院〔Privy Council〕，反对主教和其他神职官员的立法依然原封保留。上院由护国公任命的40至70名议员组成。政府通过一种特定的军事配给方式获得固定岁入。这些变化反映了一种明确的君主之下两院议会政体的复辟倾向。
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mask work. Copyright. A three-dimensional pattern of metallic insulation or semiconducting material present or removed from the layers of a computer chip. • Mask works are protected under the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984.17 USCA §§ 902 et seq.