A person qualified to act as counsel in a general court-martial. • To be qualified, the person must be (1) a judge advocate of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or a law specialist of the Coast Guard, (2) a graduate of an accredited law school, or a member of a federal-court bar […]
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Defamation. The privilege protecting any statement made in the course of and with reference to a judicial proceeding by any judge, juror, party, witness, or advocate. — Also termed courtroom privilege. [Cases: Libel and Slander 38. C.J.S. Libel and Slander; Injurious Falsehood § 71.]
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Doctors’ Commons. Hist. Informal. The College of Advocates and Doctors of Law, which trained specialists in admiralty and ecclesiastical law and housed admiralty and ecclesiastical courts from the 16th century to the 19th. • The College was dissolved in the 1860s after its functions were absorbed by the High Court. — Sometimes written Doctors’ Common.
anarchy, n. 1. Absence of government; lawlessness. 2. A sociopolitical theory holding that the only legitimate form of government is one under which individuals govern themselves voluntarily, free from any collective power structure enforcing compliance with social order. — anarchic, adj. criminal anarchy. A doctrine advocating the overthrow of organized government by force or violence,
ecdicus (ek-d[schwa]-k[schwa]s), n. [Greek ekdikos “legal representative”] Hist. The attorney, proctor, or advocate of an organization. • A church’s attorney, for example, was known as an episcoporum ecdicus.
sheriff court 〈苏格兰〉郡长法院 自12世纪以来便一直存在并不断发展的下级法院，对应于英格兰的郡法院〔county court〕。郡长法院在苏格兰境内每一行政司法管辖区〔sheriffdom〕内所有的大城镇都定期开庭，享有广泛的民、刑事管辖权。其民事管辖权无财产数额方面的限制，并可受理各类案件，主要例外是与身份有关的案件。审理通常由一名郡长独立进行，有时也由七人陪审团陪审。出庭律师〔advocate〕和事务律师都有权在该法院出庭。小额财产请求由简易法庭〔summary court〕按简易程序处理。对其裁决不服可先上诉至首席郡长〔sheriff-principal〕，再上诉至苏格兰最高民事法院〔Court of Session〕，也可不经首席郡长直接上诉至最高民事法院。其刑事管辖权包括所有普通法与制定法上的刑事犯罪案件，对其审理或适用简易程序，或由15人陪审团进行，后者享有更大的量刑权。在刑事诉讼中，首席郡长和郡长的权限是同等的，对其裁决不服应向苏格兰高等刑事法院〔High Court of Justiciary〕上诉。对犯罪的指控在实践中则全部是由地方检察官〔procurator-fiscal〕及其助手代表公众的利益来承担的。
advocare (ad-v[schwa]-kair-ee), vb. [Law Latin] 1. To advocate, defend, or protect. 2. To acknowledge or admit openly, as to acknowledge a child (advocare filium).