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bishop

glossary / ,

bishop n. 主教 指包含若干教堂会众的教区〔diocese〕首席牧师和总管，隶属于其教区所属的教省〔province〕的大主教管辖。主教负有对教区的宗教管辖权，拥有教会法赋予的立法、司法和强制执行权力。主教有权祝圣牧师和授予圣职，并有权管理和支配教区的财政收入。在天主教教会，主教的任命由教皇最后批准，主教有权制定法律，但不得与教会和公议会所立的法律相左，主教通常任命主教司法代理〔official〕审理教会案件。在英格兰国教会，主教的选举由国王提名，主教参事会〔dean and chapter〕进行选举，通常经过选举、正式确认〔confirmation〕、祝圣〔consecration〕和就职〔installation〕四个程序产生新的主教。主教可参加上议院〔House of Lords〕，并在英格兰国教公会议〔General Synod of the Church of England〕的教士院〔House of Bishops〕以及坎特伯雷或约克教省的教牧人员代表会议〔convocation〕上议院分别有一席位。主教必须任命一位主教司法官〔chancellor〕在其教区法院〔consistory court〕行使审判职能。主教教务代理〔suffragan bishop〕只代理行使主教的纯教会事务。在其他新教教会，主教的选举通过教区大会等方式进行。

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government contractor defense

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government-contractor defense. An affirmative defense that immunizes a government contractor from civil liability under state law when the contractor complies with government specifications. • Immunization is extended when two conditions are satisfied: (1) the supplier warned the government about any dangers presented by the goods about which the supplier had knowledge but the government did

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Christian name

glossary / ,

Christian name 教名 在出生或受洗时所起的名字，也可以是以后所起的名字。它不同于姓。教名可以仅由一个字母组成。在英格兰，经主教的同意，可以在坚信礼〔confirmation〕时更改教名，亦可根据法律或自行采用其他名字而更改教名。 (→name)

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secondary conveyances

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secondary conveyances (地产权的)从属性转让 以先前发生的地产权转让——即原始转让〔primary or original conveyance〕——为前提条件，旨在确认、变更、保持、恢复、增扩或再转让先前所转让的权利的地产权转让方式，包括对可撤销地产权的确认〔confirmation〕、向已经占有土地者的产权让与〔release〕、低位地产权向高位地产权的回缴〔surrender〕、地产权利的再转让〔assignment〕以及转让地产权的解约条件书〔defeasance〕。亦称派生转让〔derivative conveyance〕。

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judicial oath

glossary / ,

judicial oath (1)司法宣誓 指在司法程序进行中，尤指在公开法庭上所作的宣誓。 (2)〈英〉法官就职宣誓 指1868年《允诺宣誓法》〔Promissory Oaths Act〕规定的一段誓词。所有法官和治安法官〔Justice of the Peace〕在接受任职后都必须作此宣誓。在法律允许的情况下，也可以确认〔affirmation〕代替该宣誓。

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witword

glossary /

witword (wit-w[schwa]rd). Hist. 1. A legally allowed claim; esp., the right to vindicate ownership or possession by one’s affirmation under oath. 2. A will or testament.

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employment standards administration

glossary /

Employment Standards Administration. A unit in the U.S. Department of Labor responsible for administering various laws and programs pertaining to minimum-wage and overtime standards, registration of farm-labor contractors, wage rates to be paid and the nondiscrimination and affirmative-action programs to be followed by government contractors and subcontractors, workers’-compensation programs for federal and certain private employers,

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