reverse-confusion doctrine. Intellectual property. The rule that it is unfair competition if the defendant’s use of a title that is confusingly similar to the one used by the plaintiff leads the public to believe that the plaintiff’s work is the same as the defendant’s, or that it is derived from or associated in some manner […]
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secondary meaning. Intellectual property. A special sense that a trademark or tradename for a business, goods, or services has acquired even though the trademark or tradename was not originally protectable. • The term does not refer to a subordinate or rare meaning, but rather to a later meaning that has been added to the original
American Society of Writers on Legal Subjects. The formal name for Scribes, an association of lawyers dedi-cated to the improvement of legal writing. Founded in 1953, it sponsors annual writing competitions and publishes The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing, the first journal devoted exclusively to legal writing.
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predatory pricing. Unlawful below-cost pricing intended to eliminate specific competitors and reduce overall competition; pricing below an appropriate measure of cost for the purpose of eliminating competitors in the short run and reducing competition in the long run. See ANTITRUST. [Cases: Monopolies 17(1.7). C.J.S. Monopolies §§ 83–85, 87.] “In its most orthodox form, ‘predatory pricing’
abstract idea. Intellectual property. A concept or thought, removed from any tangible embodiment. • An abstract idea is one of the categories of unpatentable subject matter, along with natural phenomena and laws of nature. But a process that uses abstract ideas to produce a useful result can be patented. Copyright law likewise will not protect
interference, n. 1. The act of meddling in another’s affairs. 2. An obstruction or hindrance. 3. Patents. An administrative proceeding in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine who is entitled to the patent when two or more applicants claim the same invention, or when an application interferes with an existing patent. • This
imitation. Trademarks. An item that so resembles a trademarked item as to be likely to induce the belief that it is genuine. See SIMILARITY. [Cases: Trade Regulation 339. C.J.S. Trade-Marks, Trade-Names, and Unfair Competition §§ 84, 86.] “The law of trade marks is of recent origin, and may be comprehended in the proposition that a
竞争 英语：competition 法语：concurrence, rivalité 德语：Wettbewerb 意大利语：competizione, concorrenza 西班牙语：competencia