creativity. Copyright. The degree to which a work displays imaginativeness beyond what a person of very ordi-nary talents might create. • Labor and expense are not elements of creativity; for that reason, they are not protected by copyright. Feist Pubs., Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 111 S.Ct. 1282 (1991). Cf. ORIGINALITY; […]
administration action 〈英〉遗产管理诉讼 指由债权人、遗嘱执行人〔executor〕、遗产管理人〔administrator〕或与遗产有利益关系的任何人(如继承人、受遗赠人、最近的亲属〔next-of-kin〕等)在高等法院衡平分庭提起的，以保证对死者遗产进行适当管理的诉讼，可以令状〔writ〕或初始传票〔originating summons〕开始。若法院受理后发出一般遗产管理令〔order for the general administration of the estate〕，则遗嘱执行人或遗产管理人〔personal representatives〕未经法庭批准不得行使权力。债权人也不能起诉遗嘱执行人或遗产管理人要求其还债。在以前，所有的案件中都要求提供遗产管理保证书，但1972年以后，法庭可以要求遗产管理人提供保证人，对遗嘱执行人则不要求提供担保。
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nonresponsive, adj. 1. (Of a reply to a question, esp. from a witness under oath) not directly answering the question asked. 2. Patents. (Of a patent applicant’s answer) not addressing every rejection, objection, and requirement contained in a patent examiner’s office action. • A nonresponsive reply may render an application abandoned. 37 CFR § 1.111.
contenement (k[schwa]n-ten-[schwa]-m[schwa]nt). Hist. 1. Freehold land held by a feudal tenant, esp. land used to support the tenant. • Magna Carta exempted this property from seizure. “Contenement, (contenementum) seemeth to be the free hould land, which lyeth to a mans tenement or dwelling house, that is in his owne occupation. For magna carta. ca. 14.
estover (e-stoh-v[schwa]r). (usu. pl.) 1. Wood that a tenant is allowed to take for fuel, the manufacture or repair of agricultural instruments, and the erection and maintenance of fences and hedges; necessary supplies. See common of estovers under COMMON. — Also termed botes. See BOTE(1). 2. The tenant’s right to obtain that wood. 3. ALIMONY.
waiver of counsel. A criminal defendant’s intentional relinquishment of the right to legal representation. • To be valid, a waiver of counsel must be made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently.
递延收入/支出（费用） 英语：deferred income/expense (charge) 法语：produit reporté/charge reportée 德语：Rechnungsabgrenzungs- posten (passive/aktive) 意大利语：reddito differito/costi differiti 西班牙语：ingreso/gasto diferido
maintenance, n. 1. The continuation of something, such as a lawsuit. 2. The continuing possession of something, such as property. 3. The assertion of a position or opinion; the act of upholding a position in argument. 4. The care and work put into property to keep it operating and productive; general repair and upkeep. 5.
hold out, vb. 1. To represent (oneself or another) as having a certain legal status, as by claiming to be an agent or partner with authority to enter into transactions (even though he was only a promoter, Schwartz held himself out as the principal). [Cases: Principal and Agent 99.] 2. To refuse to yield or
impensae (im-pen-see), n. pl.[Latin] Roman law. Expenditures made on a thing. impensae necessariae (im-pen-see nes-[schwa]-sair-ee-ee). Expenditures necessary to prevent deterioration, destruction, or loss of a thing — such as money expended for building repair or maintenance. impensae utiles (im-pen-see yoo-t[schwa]-leez). Useful expenditures that improve something and increase its selling value. impensae voluptariae (im-pen-see vol-[schwa]p-tair-ee-ee). Expenditures