Preferred stock that may be repurchased by the issuing corporation at a prestated price, usu. at or slightly above par value. [Cases: Corporations 68. C.J.S. Corporations §§ 177, 180–183.]
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Rule 11. Civil procedure. 1. In federal practice, the procedural rule requiring the attorney of record or the party (if not represented by an attorney) to sign all pleadings, motions, and other papers filed with the court and — by this signing — to represent that the paper is filed in good faith after an
observer. Int’l law. A representative of a country or international organization who attends meetings of an international body (such as the United Nations) to which the observer’s country does not belong. • Observers do not vote or sign documents, but they are sometimes allowed to participate in discussions. [Cases: International Law 10.45. C.J.S. International Law
miscegenation (mi-sej-[schwa]-nay-sh[schwa]n). A marriage between persons of different races, formerly considered illegal in some jurisdictions. • In 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court held that laws banning interracial marriages are unconstitutional. Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, 87 S.Ct. 1817 (1967). But for years, such laws technically remained on the books in some states. The last
delegate (del-[schwa]-git), n. 1. One who represents or acts for another person or a group. 2. Parliamentary law. A voting member of a convention, whether entitled to vote as an elected or appointed delegate (sense 1), as an upgraded alternate, or ex officio. See CONVENTION(4); ALTERNATE; EX OFFICIO. instructed delegate. A delegate bound to vote
shield law. 1. A statute that affords journalists the privilege not to reveal confidential sources. See journalist’s privilege under PRIVILEGE(3). [Cases: Witnesses 196. 1. C.J.S. Witnesses § 358.] “More than half of the states have ‘shield laws’ creating ‘reporters’ privileges’ that are sometimes broader than the First Amendment version of that privilege.” David A. Anderson,
clear， strong， and convincing 清楚的、有力的和令人信服的 高于证据优势〔preponderance of evidence〕的一种证明程度。
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Hist. 1.An informal assembly of common-law judges who (sometimes with the Lord Chancellor) gathered to discuss important cases that had adjourned pending an opinion from the Court. • This body never became a court of law in a technical sense, but judges gave great weight to its decisions. The last reported decision of this body
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conventional law. A rule or system of rules agreed on by persons for the regulation of their conduct toward one another; law constituted by agreement as having the force of special law between the parties, by either supple-menting or replacing the general law of the land. • The most important example is conventional international law,
recall, n. 1. Removal of a public official from office by popular vote. [Cases: Officers and Public Employees 70. 7. C.J.S. Officers and Public Employees §§ 215–219.] 2. A manufacturer’s request to consumers for the return of defective products for repair or replacement. [Cases: Insurance 2278(24); Products Liability 12. C.J.S. Products Liability § 22.] 3.