preferential vote
A vote that ranks the choices in order of preference. • A preferential vote may be transferable or weighted. — Also termed preferential ballot. Cf. single transferable vote; weighted vote.
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estate
estate n. (2)状况；社会地位；社会等级；社会阶层 一个人或一个阶层的人在社会中所处的境况或地位，系该词的最广含义。例如，在中世纪英国的议会中，成员根据其社会地位分为教士、贵族、平民三个等级，称为「三级」〔three estates〕或「王国各阶层」〔estates of the realm〕；而法国的「三级会议」也就是全国各阶层代表的大会。 (3)地产权；地产；土地；供役地 指一个人在与土地的关系中所处的地位，或他相对于土地的关系，包括其对土地享有的不同种类、不同程度的权利；在口语中则引申为土地本身。在英格兰封建法中，除国王之外任何人都不能成为土地的绝对所有人，他所享有的只能是一项地产权或对土地的有限权益，由此产生了地产保有制度。在1925年《财产法》〔Law of Property Act〕生效之前，普通法上的地产权根据保有程度〔quantity of estate〕分为完全保有地产权〔estate of freehold〕与非完全保有地产权〔estate less than freehold〕两大类。其中完全保有地产权分为可继承地产权〔estate of inheritance〕与不可继承地产权〔estate not of inheritance〕。前者包括非限定继承地产权〔estate in fee simple〕、限定继承地产权〔estate in fee tail或estate tail〕和嫁资地产权〔estate in frankmarriage〕。后者又分为：１约定地产权〔convention estate〕，即通过当事人的协议设定的地产权，包括终身保有地产权〔estate for life〕和在他人生存期间保有的地产权〔estate pur autre vie〕；２法定地产权〔legal estate或estate created by construction or operation of law〕，即根据法律享有的或在法律上被承认并可强制执行的地产权，包括有后嗣可能性消失后的限定继承地产权〔estate of a tenant in tail after possibility
headright
headright n. 〈美〉人头权；按份权 一种信托基金〔trust funds〕的权益，产生于印第安部落保有或曾经保有土地上的矿藏收入和开采权使用费〔royalty〕及权益。依1906年《分配法》〔Allotment Act〕,该信托基金由所有部落基金〔tribal funds〕所创设，部落基金包括出卖部落土地的基金、依据对美国的请求权以及部落油气矿藏权而获得的基金。每一受领人〔allottee〕按各自比例持有该信托基金的股份，该按比例享有的权益通常称为「人头权」。
acre right
acre right. Hist. In New England, a citizen’s share in the common lands. • The value of the acre right varied among towns but was fixed in each town. A 10-acre lot in a certain town was equivalent to 113 acres of upland and 12 acres of meadow, and an exact proportion was maintained between
scheme
scheme. 1. A systemic plan; a connected or orderly arrangement, esp. of related concepts (legislative scheme). 2. An artful plot or plan, usu. to deceive others (a scheme to defraud creditors).
subdivision map
subdivision map. A map that shows how a parcel of land is to be divided into smaller lots, and generally showing the layout and utilities. [Cases: Zoning and Planning 29.5, 245. C.J.S. Zoning and Land Planning §§ 21, 101.]
frottage
frottage. Sexual stimulation by rubbing the genitals against another person. • This may be accomplished without removing clothing. When a child is involved, it is a form of sexual abuse.
close debate
close debate. Parliamentary law. To pass a motion that ends debate and amendment of a pending question or series of questions. • The synonymous shorthand “previous question,” a somewhat archaic and misleading term that several parliamentary manuals still use for this motion, has evolved over time. Two centuries ago, the motion was invented for suppressing
solar
solar (soh-lahr). [Spanish “land lot”] Hist. Spanish & Mexican law. A residential lot; a small, privately owned tract of land. • This term is sometimes found (esp. in the plural form solares) in old land grants in states that were formerly Spanish provinces or governed by Mexico.
leasehold improvements
leasehold improvements. Beneficial changes to leased property (such as a parking lot or driveway) made by or for the benefit of the lessee. • The phrase is used in a condemnation proceeding to determine the share of compensation to be allocated to the lessee.
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