Commonwealth and Protectorate
Commonwealth and Protectorate 〈英〉共和政体和护国公政体 1649年到1660年克伦威尔父子统治时期曾采用的政体形式。
Commonwealth and Protectorate Read More »
Search Results for: COMMONWEAL
british subject
British subject. The status conferred on a citizen of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and India by the British Nationality Act of 1981. • Although this is the current sense, the phrase British subject has had many different meanings over the years, under different statutes.
best interests of the child doctrine
best-interests-of-the-child doctrine. Family law. The principle that courts should make custody decisions based on whatever best advances the child’s welfare, regardless of a claimant’s particular status or relationship with the child. • One important factor entering into these decisions is the general belief that the child’s best interests normally favor custody by parents, as opposed
best interests of the child doctrine Read More »
divine right of kings
divine right of kings. The political theory that the sovereign is a direct representative of God and has the right to rule absolutely by virtue of birth. “Divine Right of Kings … originated in the mediaeval concept of God’s award of temporal power to civil rulers and spiritual power to the Church. It was claimed
divine right of kings Read More »
ganancial
ganancial (g[schwa]-nan-sh[schwa]l), adj. Of, relating to, or consisting of community property (a spouse’s ganancial rights). See COMMUNITY PROPERTY. [Cases: Husband and Wife 246–276(9).] “The Spanish [more correctly, the Castilian] form of community property, called the ‘ganancial’ system, is found today in nine states of the United States, the Spanish-American republics of Central and South America,
British Empire
British Empire 大英帝国 存续3个世纪之久，历史上最为庞大的帝国。在1920年左右达到顶峰，土地占全球的1/4，人口占全球总人口的1/5，曾被称作「日不落〔sun never set〕帝国」。根据1931年《威斯敏斯特法》〔Statute of Westminster〕，改称「英联邦」〔British Commonwealth of Nations〕。大英帝国对于以欧洲殖民者为主的领地，多采用地方自治的行政管理方式；而在其他地方，总督多采取灵活的政策，保留当地的社会、权力结构，并对当地土着人之间的矛盾与分裂巧加利用。大英帝国广泛传播了英格兰普通法和以判例法为特征的司法制度，并将资本主义、基督教信仰和议会政治制度的观念等传诸四方。
dominion status
dominion status 〈英〉自治领地位 1931年《威斯敏斯特法》〔Statute of Westminster〕确认加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非、爱尔兰和纽芬兰是英国的自治领。然而，上述地区在1931年以前已实际获得自治领的地位。根据《英属北美法》〔British North America Act〕，在1867年以后，加拿大获得自治。到1914年，纽芬兰、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非也获得自治。1919年，上述地区单独派代表出席巴黎和会，并逐渐被称为英国的自治领。1926年，帝国会议的帝国内部关系委员会将自治领定义为：「大英帝国内部拥有自治权的共同体，地位平等，在其内部和外部事务的各个方面均不相互隶属。尽管它们因共同忠诚于英王而联合起来，并以英联邦〔British Commonwealth of Nations〕的一成员而自由地联合在一起」。爱尔兰自由邦已于1949年宣告独立成为爱尔兰共和国，纽芬兰自1949年起成为加拿大的一个省。南非不再是英联邦的一员。英联邦尚有其他成员遍及欧、亚、非、拉美各洲。
dependency
dependency. 1. A land or territory geographically distinct from the country governing it, but belonging to the country and governed by its laws. • The Philippines was formerly a dependency of the United States. Cf. COMMONWEALTH (2); TERRITORY(1). 2. A relationship between two persons or things whereby one is sustained by the other or relies
perpetuity
perpetuity (p[schwa]r-p[schwa]-t[y]oo-[schwa]-tee). 1. The state of continuing forever. 2. Hist. An unbarrable entail. 3. Hist. An inalienable interest. 4. An interest that does not take effect or vest within the period prescribed by law. • In reference to the rule against perpetuities, only sense 4 is now current. See RULE AGAINST PERPETUITIES. [Cases: Perpetuities 4.