court-martial, n. An ad hoc military court convened under military authority to try someone accused of violating the Uniform Code of Military Justice, particularly a member of the armed forces. [Cases: Armed Services 42; Military Justice 870–898. C.J.S. Armed Services § 166; Military Justice §§ 13, 138–158.] Pl. courts-martial. — court-martial, vb. “[C]ourts-martial are not […]
officer of the court. A person who is charged with upholding the law and administering the judicial system. • Typically, officer of the court refers to a judge, clerk, bailiff, sheriff, or the like, but the term also applies to a lawyer, who is obliged to obey court rules and who owes a duty of
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United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院 1982年由原美国索赔法院〔U.S. Court of Claims〕和原关税与专利上诉法院〔Court of Customs and Patent Appeals〕合并而设立的中间上诉法院，受理有关专利、植物品种保护、版权、商标、对美国政府的合同和财产权利请求等的上诉案件。对美国索赔法院〔U.S. Court of Federal Claims〕、美国国际贸易法院〔U.S. Court of International Trade〕、美国退伍军人上诉法院〔U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals〕的判决，以及功绩制保护委员会〔Merit Systems Protection Board〕、专利和商标局〔Patent and Trademark Office〕、国际贸易委员会〔International Trade Commission〕和其他一些行政机构的决定均可向该法院提出上诉。
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National Reporter System 〈美〉全国判例汇编系统 1887年由韦氏出版公司(一译西方出版公司)〔West Publishing Company〕创立，出版联邦和州的初审法院和上诉法院的判例。由17个单元组成；7个联邦单元：最高法院判例汇编〔Supreme Court Reporter〕、联邦判例汇编〔Federal Reporter〕、联邦判例补编〔Federal Supplement〕、联邦规则判例汇编〔Federal Rules Decisions〕、破产判例汇编〔Bankruptcy Reporter〕、军事司法判例汇编〔Military Justice Reporter〕、美国索赔法院判例汇编〔United States Federal Claims Reporter〕；3个州单元：加利福尼亚州判例汇编〔California Reporter〕、伊利诺伊州判例汇编〔Illinois Decisions〕、纽约州判例补编〔New York Supplement〕；7个州区单元：大西洋区、太平洋区、东北区、东南区、西北区、西南区和南区。整个系统以钥匙号索引体系〔key number indexing scheme〕联结起来，其中每个案件均有一个摘要和钥匙号，可与美国判例摘要系统〔American Digest System〕相参照。全国判例汇编系统极大地简化了美国判例的检索工作。
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National Reporter System. A series of lawbooks, published by the West Group, containing every published appellate decision of the federal and state courts in the United States. • For federal courts, the system includes the Supreme Court Reporter, Federal Reporter, Federal Claims Reporter, Federal Supplement, Federal Rules Decisions, Bankruptcy Reporter, Military Justice Reporter, and Veterans
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Public Access to Court Electronic Records. A computer system by which subscribers can obtain online information from the federal courts, including information from a court’s docket sheet about the parties, filing, and orders in a specific case. — Abbr. PACER.
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juvenile-justice system. The collective institutions through which a youthful offender passes until any charges have been disposed of or the assessed punishment has been concluded. • The system comprises juvenile courts (judges and lawyers), law enforcement (police), and corrections (probation officers and social workers).
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Supreme Court of the United States. The court of last resort in the federal system, whose members are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. • The Court was established in 1789 by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which vests the Court with the “judicial power of the United States.” — Often
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Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. A federal statute that provides funding, assistance, training, and support to state-operated juvenile-justice programs, initiatives, and court systems. 42 USCA §§ 5601–5785.
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several-remedies rule. A procedural rule that tolls a statute of limitations for a plaintiff who has several available forums (such as a workers’-compensation proceeding and the court system) and who timely files in one forum and later proceeds in another forum, as long as the defendant is not prejudiced. [Cases: Limitation of Actions 105. C.J.S.
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