independent promises
independent promises 独立允诺 指该允诺不附有任何条件，对它的强制执行也只需以时间的经过为条件。作出独立允诺的当事人必须履行自己所为的允诺，即使对方当事人并没有依约履行。又可称为无条件允诺〔unconditional promise〕。
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Search Results for: DEPENDENT
independent school district
independent school district 独立校区 邻接或位于城镇或乡村，未与其他任何校区相连，其事务也由独立的分学区〔school township〕负责管理。
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dependent contract
A contract conditioned or dependent on another contract.
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dependent condition
A mutual covenant that goes to the consideration on both sides of a contract.
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independent covenant
A covenant that imposes a duty that does not depend on the other party’s prior perfor-mance.
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independent development
independent development. Intellectual property. A defense against an industrial-espionage charge wherein the user shows that the property was independently discovered or conceived. • Trademarks, symbols, inventions, and other types of intellectual property are all subject to independent development. — Also termed independent conception.
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separate and independent cause of action
separate and independent cause of action 可分且独立的诉因(→separable controversy)
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independent creation
independent creation. Copyright. A defense asserting that a later work is not a derivative of an allegedly infringed work, but is a product of coincidentally parallel labor. [Cases: Copyrights and Intellectual Property 75. C.J.S. Copyrights and Intellectual Property §§ 43–44, 62.]
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independent covenant
independent covenant (合约中的)独立条款 指仅为涉及对价〔consideration〕的一部分的条款，但任何一方当事人都可以就其被违反而受到的损害从对方得到赔偿，原告无需证明他必须首先履行他的义务才能提出诉讼，而被告无权宣称原告也有违约行为来作为逃避责任的理由。独立条款与非独立条款〔dependent covenant〕、相互或共同条款〔mutual or concurrent covenant〕是同一分类标准下的三个概念。
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independent counsel
An attorney hired to provide an unbiased opinion about a case or to conduct an impartial investigation; esp., an attorney appointed by a governmental branch or agency to investigate alleged misconduct within that branch or agency. See special prosecutor under PROSECUTOR. Cf. special counsel. [Cases: United States 40. C.J.S. United States §§ 58–60.]
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