A court having unlimited or nearly unlimited trial jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases. — Also termed general-jurisdiction court. [Cases: Courts 118–158.1. C.J.S. Courts §§ 3, 23–31, 33–35.]
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Hist. 1.English law. A court of criminal jurisdiction held in each county (or borough) once in every quarter of a year. • The court was made up of a county’s justices of the peace. It committed certain cases to the Assizes. Quarter Sessions were abolished in 1971, with most jurisdiction transferred to the Crown Court.
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Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery. Hist. 1. A court that carries the commissions of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery. See COMMISSION OF OYER AND TERMINER; COMMISSION OF GAOL DELIVERY. 2. In Pennsylvania, a court of criminal jurisdiction.
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court not of record 〈英〉非存卷法院 相对于存卷法院〔court of record〕而言，是一种低级别的法院，只具有有限的或专门的司法管辖权，例如由治安法官〔justice of the peace〕、市长或其他地方司法官主持的法庭以及某些城市法庭。存卷法院和非存卷法院的称谓不是很确切，非存卷法院也有对诉讼活动和判决的记录，只是相对于存卷法院来说，它的记录不具有权威性和永久见证作用。它与存卷法院的主要区别在于它的司法权是有限的。 (→court of record; court of general jurisdiction; court of limited jurisdiction)
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Court of High Commission. Hist. Eccles. law. A tribunal responsible for inquiring into religious offenses such as the holding of heretical opinions, and absence from church. • Functioning as a court, the High Commission also prosecuted violations of the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559), the statutes that gave the Crown supreme power over the
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Customs Court 〈美〉关税法院 成立于1890年，原名为「美国评估员总会」〔Board of United States General Appraisers〕，1926年改称此名，受理有关关税的案件。1980年又改名为国际贸易法院〔Court of International Trade〕。
General Welfare Clause. U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1, which empowers Congress to levy taxes and pay debts in order to provide for the country’s general welfare. • The Supreme Court has broadly interpreted this clause to allow Congress to create, for example, the social-security system. — Also termed Welfare Clause. [Cases: United
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Chancery Court of County Palatine of Durham 〈英〉达勒姆巴拉丁郡领地衡平法庭 1066年之后，诺曼国王肯认了达勒姆主教对其巴拉丁领地的各种权力，直到1836年才转归国王，仅剩下领地内的衡平法庭。该法庭的法官是由国王任命的领地枢密大臣。另外，法庭还有诸如总检察长〔Attorney-General〕、副总检察长〔Solicitor-General〕和其它一些官员。它行使以前高等衡平法庭〔High Court of Chancery〕在领地内的管辖权及许多制定法管辖权，不服其判决可向上诉法院〔Court of Appeals〕和上议院〔House of Lords〕上诉。该法庭于1971年并入高等法院。 (→High Court of Chancery; County Palatine of Durham)
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Lord Justice-General 〈苏格兰〉最高刑事法院院长；最高法院院长 「Justice-General」从15世纪起在苏格兰开始使用，指称最高刑事法官，替代更古老的「最高司法官」〔Justiciar〕一词。1672年，苏格兰设立最高刑事法院〔High Court of Justiciary〕，并命令其掌管这一法院。1830年《最高民事法院法》〔Court of Session Act〕规定，在当时的那位最高刑事法院院长去世后，这一职位应同最高民事法院院长一职合二而一，由一人拥有，且可主持巡回法院，但当今的司法实践中，最高法院院长并不从事巡回审判。
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Archaic. A court’s verdict rendered without regard to the jury’s general verdict, given when a party does not want to put the legal question on the record but merely wants the court to decide on the basis of a written statement of all the facts in the case, prepared for the opinion of the court
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