Evidence that is necessary to begin a hearing or trial and that may be received conditionally in anticipation of other evidence linking it to issues in the case. Fed. R. Evid. 104. [Cases: Evidence 117; Federal Civil Procedure 2014. C.J.S. Evidence § 208.]
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preliminary warrant 预审令 指令被告人出庭接受预审〔preliminary hearing〕的法庭命令。
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critical stage. Criminal procedure. A point in a criminal prosecution when the accused’s rights or defenses might be affected by the absence of legal representation. • Under the Sixth Amendment, a critical stage triggers the accused’s right to appointed counsel. Examples of critical stages include preliminary hearings, jury selection, and (of course) trial. Cf. ACCUSATORY
examination. 1. The questioning of a witness under oath. See DIRECT EXAMINATION ; CROSS-EXAMINATION. [Cases: Witnesses 224–228. C.J.S. Witnesses §§ 390–394, 396–398, 404–405.] 2. Bankruptcy. The questioning of a debtor, esp. at the first meeting of creditors, concerning such matters as the bankrupt’s debts and assets. [Cases: Bankruptcy 3040. C.J.S. Bankruptcy § 204.] 3. An
A lower court (usu. presided over by a magistrate) that determines probable cause and sets bail at a preliminary hearing in a criminal case.
examination n. (1)(对证人的)询问 (→direct examination; cross-examination) (2)(对破产人的)询问 尤指在第一次债权人会议上就破产人的债务和资产情况进行的询问。 (3)审问；讯问 刑事诉讼中治安法官对被指控犯罪并被逮捕的人进行的讯问和调查，以确定是否有充分的根据允许其保释候审。 (4)预审 刑事诉讼中为确定是否应将被指控犯罪的人提交审判而进行的预备听审 。(→preliminary hearing) (5)(专利法)审查 专利局对申请专利的发明创造是否具有新颖性和实用性，以及是否侵犯他人的专利权进行的审查。 (6)调查；检查；审查 预备购买不动产者对该不动产的产权说明书〔abstract of title〕进行的审查，以查明该不动产产权的历史及现状。
The qualified privilege that a government can invoke to prevent disclosure of the identity and communications of its informants. • In exercising its power to formulate evidentiary rules for federal criminal cases, the U.S. Supreme Court has consistently declined to hold that the government must disclose the identity of informants in a preliminary hearing or
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McNabb–Mallory rule. Criminal procedure. The doctrine that a confession is inadmissible if obtained during an unreasonably long detention period between arrest and a preliminary hearing. • Because of the broader protections afforded under the Miranda rule, the McNabb–Mallory rule is rarely applied in modern cases. McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332, 63 S.Ct. 608
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committing magistrate 〈美〉预审法官 指有权对被指控犯罪者实施预审〔preliminary hearing〕的较低级别的司法官员，他们可以因案件缺乏充分的表面证据〔prima facie evidence〕而将犯人释放，或将其羁押而等候开庭审判，在有些司法区，预审法官还可以对犯人决定保释。
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arraignment, n. The initial step in a criminal prosecution whereby the defendant is brought before the court to hear the charges and to enter a plea. Fed. R. Crim. P. 10. Cf. PRELIMINARY HEARING; initial appearance under APPEARANCE. [Cases: Criminal Law 261–264. C.J.S. Criminal Law §§ 355, 357–360, 362–363.] — arraign, vb.