beneficium separationis (ben-[schwa]-fish-ee-[schwa]m sep-[schwa]-ray-shee-oh-nis). [Latin “privilege of separation”] Roman law. The right of a creditor of the deceased to have the property of the deceased separated from an heir’s property. • This separation protected the creditors by ensuring that the deceased’s property was not used to pay the heir’s creditors. — Also termed separatio bonorum.
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separation of patrimony. Civil law. The act of providing creditors of a succession the right to collect against the class of estate property from which the creditors should be paid, by separating certain succession property from property rights belonging to the heirs. [Cases: Descent and Distribution 137. C.J.S. Descent and Distribution § 123.]
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separation a mensa et thoro. See divorce a mensa et thoro under DIVORCE.
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A court order granting a married person’s request for a legal separation. See SEPARATION AGREEMENT(1).
An instrument governing a spouse’s separation and maintenance. [Cases: Husband and Wife 278.]
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legal separation 判决分居；判决别居 指夫妻双方根据法院判决或裁定就监护、扶养等问题所作的决定而分开生活，但其婚姻关系并不解除，所以双方均无权再婚。也称作divorce a mensa et thoro；limited divorce；judicial separation；separation from bed and board。 (→separation; separation of spouses; separation order)
The division of governmental authority into three branches of government — legislative, executive, and judicial — each with specified duties on which neither of the other branches can encroach; the constitutional doctrine of checks and balances by which the people are protected against tyranny. Cf. DIVISION OF POWERS. [Cases: Constitutional Law 50–80(4). C.J.S. Constitutional Law
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separation of powers (1)分权 即将政府机构一分为三：立法、行政和司法。每一个分支都有特定的职责范围，任何其他分支不得侵犯。 (2)分权与制衡原则 美国宪法所确立的一项原则。依布兰代斯〔Brandeis〕大法官所言，这一原则在1787年制宪会议上采纳，其目的不在于提高政府效率，而在于保护人民免受暴政或独裁专政之苦。
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separation of witnesses. The exclusion of witnesses (other than the plaintiff and defendant) from the courtroom to prevent them from hearing the testimony of others. [Cases: Criminal Law 665; Federal Civil Procedure 2012; Trial 41. C.J.S. Criminal Law § 1195; Trial § 155.]
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judicial separation 司法别居 双方并未离婚，只是分居，其中一方可据此取得夫妻共同财产及子女监护权。 (→alimony; desertion; divorce a mensa et thoro; protection order; separation; separation order; settlement)
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