vitium reale (vish-ee-[schwa]m ree-ay-lee). [Latin “true error”] Hist. & Scots law. A defect in a title that renders the movable property nontransferable; specif., an inherent vice in the title of anyone who holds a stolen thing, even if acquired honestly, so that the true owner can reclaim it. Cf. LABES REALIS QUAE REI INHAERET. “A […]
repugnancy doctrine 遗嘱矛盾解释规则 一项遗嘱解释规则，用于在遗嘱条款之间出现相互牴触时进行解释，其具体内容有：１法律采用有利于第一继受者〔first taker〕的解释，即推定第一继受者在立遗嘱人心中处优先地位；２遗嘱中的无条件赠与〔absolute gift〕也不因其后意义不清或模稜两可的用语而减弱效力，除非减弱赠与效力的意图以清楚明确的方式表示出来；３推定第一继受者取得的是非限嗣继承地产权〔fee〕，而不受其他与之不一致用语的影响；４推定成立无条件遗赠，其后试图附加的任何限制条件无效。
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blackmail, n. 1. A threatening demand made without justification; EXTORTION. Cf. FEEMAIL; GRAYMAIL; GREENMAIL(1), (2). [Cases: Extortion and Threats 25. 1. C.J.S. Threats and Unlawful Communications §§ 2–20.] — blackmail, vb. “[Blackmail is] a certain rate of Money, Corn, Cattle, or other consideration, paid to some inhabiting upon, or near the borders, being persons of
A devise to the first person named as taker. • For example, a devise of “Blackacre to A, but if A does not survive me then to B” names A as the recipient of the primary devise and B as the recipient of the secondary or alternative devise.
sacramentalis (sak-r[schwa]-men-tay-lis), n. pl.[Law Latin fr. Latin sacramentum “an oath-taker”] Hist. A compurgator; one who takes an oath swearing to a defendant’s innocence. Pl. sacramentales, (sak-r[schwa]-men-tay-leez).
agister ([schwa]-jis-t[schwa]r). One who takes and pastures grazing animals for a fee; a person engaged in the business of agistment. • An agister is a type of bailee for hire. — Also spelled agistor. — Also termed gisetaker.[Cases: Animals 21. C.J.S. Animals § 46.]
admanuensis (ad-man-yoo-en-sis), n. [Law Latin fr. Latin ad- + manus “a hand”] Hist. An oath-taker who places a hand on the Bible.
primary caregiver. Family law. 1. The parent who has had the greatest responsibility for the daily care and rearing of a child. See TENDER-YEARS DOCTRINE ; PRIMARY-CAREGIVER DOCTRINE. 2. The person (including a nonparent) who has had the greatest responsibility for the daily care and rearing of a child. — Also termed primary caretaker.
spuilzie (spuul-yee), n. Scots law. 1. The wrongful taking of corporeal movable property from another’s possession. • This is the Scottish equivalent of common-law conversion. 2. An action to recover wrongfully taken movables, and often for either profits made with them while in the taker’s possession or reparations for unjust dispossession. — Also spelled spulzie;
dying without issue 无嗣而亡 死者生前或亡后无子女而殁。在普通法上指无限定的无子女而不是指遗嘱继承或遗赠的第一位接受者〔first taker〕在死亡时无生存子女。但该规则已为许多判例所改变。美国一些州主张「dying without issue」一类词语意指当事人死亡时，而非无限定的无子女。若依上下文，立遗嘱者的意思是，在立遗嘱者生存期间，第一位接受者死亡时无子女的，第二位接受者应取代其位子，以防止因懈怠而丧失权利，此处「死而无子女」则指在立遗嘱人生存期间无子女。
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