A doctrine that treats one party’s actual reduction to practice of an invention as the opposing (usu. complaining) party’s actual reduction to practice. • In a two-party interference, proof of derivation is usu. sufficient; showing an actual reduction to practice is unnecessary. The doctrine is more important in a three-party interference. [Cases: Patents 90(5). C.J.S. […]
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vicarious (vI-kair-ee-[schwa]s), adj. Performed or suffered by one person as substitute for another; indirect; surrogate.
The rule that if one member of a class satisfies a requirement to exhaust administrative remedies, that is enough for all others similarly situated to be considered as having exhausted the remedies. — Often shortened to vicarious exhaustion. [Cases: Administrative Law 229.]
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A person’s liability for an infringing act of someone else, even though the person has not directly committed an act of infringement. • For example, a concert theater can be vicariously liable for an infringing performance of a hired band. [Cases: Patents 287(2).]
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vicarius apostolicus (vI-kair-ee-[schwa]s ap-[schwa]s-tahl-[schwa]-k[ schwa]s), n. [Latin “apostolic vicar”] Eccles. law. An officer through whom the Pope exercises authority in remote regions. • This officer is sometimes sent with episcopal functions into provinces where there is no bishop resident or where there has long been a vacancy in the see.
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vicarious responsibility 替代责任 指被代理人对其代理人在授权范围内的行为所应承担的责任。英国法律往往将代理人的知情也视作被代理人的知情，在被代理人对代理人的欺诈行为不知情时，虽然他在普通法上并不为代理人的欺诈性陈述承担该责任，却仍可依1967年《虚假陈述法》〔Misrepresentation Act〕而认为被代理人应承担该责任。
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Performance carried by an employee, agent, or other nominee.
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