cognizance (kog-ni-z[schwa]ns), n. 1. A court’s right and power to try and to determine cases; JURISDICTION. [Cases: Courts 2. C.J.S. Courts § 16–17.] 2. The taking of judicial or authoritative notice. [Cases: Evidence 1. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 8–11, 106.] 3. Acknowledgment or admission of an alleged fact; esp. (hist.), acknowledgment of a fine. See FINE(1); […]
detinue (det-i-nyoo or -noo). A common-law action to recover personal property wrongfully taken by another. Cf. REPLEVIN; TROVER. [Cases: Detinue 1. C.J.S. Detinue § 1.] “A claim in detinue lies at the suit of a person who has an immediate right to the possession of the goods against a person who is in actual possession
frankpledge. Hist. A promise given to the sovereign by a group of ten freeholders (a tithing) ensuring the group’s good conduct. • The frankpledge was of Saxon origin, but continued after the Norman Conquest. The members of the group were not liable for an injury caused by an offending member, but they did act as
Central Criminal Court 〈英〉中央刑事法院 根据1834年的《中央刑事法院法》〔Central Criminal Court Act〕设立，负责审理发生在伦敦〔London〕、米德尔塞克斯〔Middlesex〕，以及埃塞克斯〔Essex〕、肯特〔Kent〕和萨里〔Surrey〕郡的部分地区的犯罪案件。因该法院座落于伦敦的老贝利〔Old Bailey〕街，人们习惯地以「老贝利」作为该法院的代称。中央刑事法院的设立，实际上取代了原伦敦和萨瑟克〔Southwark〕的季审法院。其法官由伦敦司法官〔Recorder of London〕、伦敦助理法官〔Common Serjeant〕、中央刑事法院的增设法官〔additional judges〕、高等法院的任何法官以及任何巡回法官或记录法官组成，伦敦市长和任一伦敦高级市政官〔Aldermen of the City〕有权出席庭审。法院定期开庭，并可在多个地区同时开庭审理案件。在实践中，通常的案件由伦敦司法官、伦敦助理法官和该法院的增设法官审理，对最为严重的案件由高等法院王座庭的法官出庭审理。现在，1834年的《中央刑事法院法》已被废除，1971年的《法院法》〔Courts Act〕规定刑事法院〔Crown Court〕在伦敦市开庭时仍称为中央刑事法院，有权审理在大伦敦〔Greater London〕发生的犯罪案件，伦敦市长和高级市政官作为当然的法官出席该法院庭审的特权亦被保留下来。
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garnishment, n. 1. A judicial proceeding in which a creditor (or potential creditor) asks the court to order a third party who is indebted to or is bailee for the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor’s property (such as wages or bank accounts) held by that third party. • A