attachment of privilege (英格兰古法) (1)特权应诉 指享有只能在特定法院被起诉之特权的人(如皇家民事法庭〔Court of Common Pleas〕的律师只能在该法庭被起诉)，可以传唤另一人到他所属的该特定法院代替其应诉、答辩。1832年的《程序统一法》〔Uniformity of Process Act〕完全废除了这一程序。 (2)逮捕位于特权地者的令状
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exchange, n. Commercial law. 1. The act of transferring interests, each in consideration for the other. [Cases: Exchange of Property 1. C.J.S. Exchange of Property §§ 2–3.] bargained-for exchange. See BARGAINED-FOR EXCHANGE. like-kind exchange. See LIKE-KIND EXCHANGE. tax-free exchange. See TAX-FREE EXCHANGE. 1031 exchange. See 1031 EXCHANGE. 2. Money or negotiable instruments presented as payment;
Hist. Eccles. law. A tribunal responsible for inquiring into religious offenses such as the holding of heretical opinions, and absence from church. • Functioning as a court, the High Commission also prosecuted violations of the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559), the statutes that gave the Crown supreme power over the Church of England. The
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latitat 〈拉〉〈英〉潜逃拘捕令状 15世纪时，王座法庭〔Court of King’s Bench〕创制了一种独特的程序，这种程序使它对某些案件与民诉法庭〔Court of Common Pleas〕享有共同管辖权。这种程序以被告真正或依法推定处于马夏尔西监狱〔Marshalsea prison〕典狱长〔Marshal〕的拘押状态下为前提事实，因为该监狱处于王座法庭所在地米德尔塞克斯郡〔Middlesex〕，这样就能够使王座法庭拥有当然的管辖权。其操作是：首先由原告提出针对被告的米德尔塞克斯申诉状〔Bill of Middlesex〕，宣称被告以暴力手段对他实施了侵权行为，并拟称后者已提供担保，保证按时出庭。这样，在案件性质上就赋予了王座法庭以司法管辖权。如果届时米德尔塞克斯郡郡长找不到被告，则一道潜逃拘捕令状就会发给邻近郡之郡长，要求他拘捕被告。如果已知被告不在米德尔塞克斯郡，那么签发潜逃拘捕令状是诉讼的第一步。该令状中强调使用latitat(潜逃)一词，故名。1832年的《令状统一法》〔Uniformity of Process Act〕废除了这一令状。
European Copyright Directive. An official instruction of the European Union designed to promote uniformity in certain aspects of copyright law and related rights, esp. on the Internet. • Officially titled Directive 2001/29 on the Harmonisation of Certain Aspects of Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society, this is the European Union equivalent of the
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court hand. Hist. A script style used by English court clerks, the words being abbreviated and contracted according to a set of common principles for maintaining brevity and uniformity. • This type of writing, along with the use of Latin (except for technical or untranslatable phrases), was banned early in the 18th century in an
Hist. A script style used by English court clerks, the words being abbreviated and contracted according to a set of common principles for maintaining brevity and uniformity. • This type of writing, along with the use of Latin (except for technical or untranslatable phrases), was banned early in the 18th century in an effort to